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  3. Dieting, according to an old joke, may not actually make you live longer, but it sure feels that way. Nevertheless, evidence has

Dieting, according to an old joke, may not actually make you live longer, but it sure feels that way. Nevertheless, evidence has

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问题     Dieting, according to an old joke, may not actually make you live longer, but it sure feels that way. Nevertheless, evidence has been accumulating since the 1930s that calorie restriction—reducing an animal’s energy intake below its energy expenditure—extends lifespan and delays the start of age-related diseases in rats, dogs, fish and monkeys. Such results have inspired thousands of people to put up with constant hunger in the hope of living longer, healthier lives. They have also led to a search for drugs that mimic the effects of calorie restriction without the pain of going on an actual diet.
    Amid the trend, it is easy to forget that no one has until now shown that calorie restriction works in humans. That omission, however, changed this month, with the publication of the initial results of the first systematic investigation into the matter. This study took 48 men and women and assigned them randomly to either a control group or a calorie-restriction regime. Those in the second group were required to cut their calorie intake for six months to 75% of that needed to maintain their weight.
    The study is a landmark in the history of the field, because its subjects were either of normal weight or only slightly overweight. Previous projects have used individuals who were clinically fat, thus confusing the unquestionable benefits to health of reducing fatness with the possible advantages of calorie restriction to the otherwise healthy.
    At a molecular level, it suggests these advantages are real. Those on restricted diets showed drops in body temperature and blood-insulin levels—both phenomena that have been seen in long-lived, calorie-restricted animals. They also suffered less damage to their DNA.
    Eric Ravussin, of Louisiana State University, says that such results provide support for the theory that calorie restriction produces a metabolic adaptation over and above that which would be expected from weight loss alone. Nevertheless, such metabolic adaptation could be the reason why calorie restriction is associated with longer lifespan in other animals—and that is certainly the hope of those who, for the past 15 years, have been searching for ways of triggering that metabolic adaptation by means other than semi-starvation.
    The search for a drug that will delay old age is itself as old as the hills—as is the wishful thinking of the suckers who finance such efforts. Those who hope to find it by mimicking the effect of calorie restriction are not, however, complete snake-oil salesmen, for there is known to be a family of enzymes, which act both as sensors of nutrient availability and as regulators of metabolic rate. These might provide the necessary biochemical link between starving and living longer.
It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that people
选项 A、have been engaged in the study of the replacement of calorie restriction.
B、have been looking for drugs that can prolong humans’ life for ages.
C、can expect a change in their metabolic rate when going on a diet.
D、may benefit from metabolic adaptation in that it may protect their DNA.
答案A
解析 推理判断题。由题干提示定位至第五段。该段末句指出：这也是那些在过去15年里，一直寻找不通过半饥饿状态而改变新陈代谢的人的希望。显然可以推断出人们一直致力于寻找能够不通过节食就能够限制卡路里摄人的替代品，故[A]为答案。虽然末段首句提到了“寻找延缓衰老药物”，但单从第五段来看，[B]为过度推断，无法得出他们在寻找药物的推断，故排除；该段首句提到了“限制卡路里摄人会调整新陈代谢”这一理论，这是明确给出的细节，并非推断，故排除[C]；从该段无法推断出调整新陈代谢对。DNA的影响，故排除[D]。
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