A、Using shortened forms. B、Varying the level of formality. C、Making wording informal. D、Using formal words. D“有关优秀论文的第三条建议是什么?”F

Most graduate students are required to write research papers in order to get the master’s degree. They are eager to know the requirements of academic papers. There is no hard and fast rule for style, but the following three tips may be of help.
   Pay attention to logic and organization of paragraphs and sections. All the facts and views presented in your paper should be closely connected and center on the main theme. They should be written in logical order so that your reader may have no trouble understanding them and accepting the conclusion you have drawn. It is advisable to start a paragraph with a topic sentence and discuss the idea it expresses in the paragraph. Similarly, a section is easier to follow if it begins with a paragraph outlining the main points it is going to deal with.
   Secondly, make your tone objective rather than personal. A research paper is a study of some objective facts or problems, and the conclusions drawn should be based on relevant data, not on personal preferences. Your arguments will be more convincing if they are well-grounded and presented in an objective way. That’s to say, words like "I" or "we" should be avoided.
   Finally, use formal wording. A research paper is a formal piece of writing which involves the use of formal words. It is not proper to begin a paper with "Last year a couple of guys figured out..." A better beginning would be "Recent investigations have shown...." Also, formal writing does not contain shortened forms like "doesn’t". The level of formality should be maintained throughout the paper.
   Q10: How can you help readers better understand your paper?
   Q11: What do you have to do to make your arguments more convincing?
   Q12: What’s the third tip about a good research paper?