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  3. When prices are low people will buy more, and when prices are high they will buy less. Every shopkeeper knows this. But at the s

When prices are low people will buy more, and when prices are high they will buy less. Every shopkeeper knows this. But at the s

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问题     When prices are low people will buy more, and when prices are high they will buy less. Every shopkeeper knows this. But at the same time, producers want higher prices for their goods when they make more goods. How can we find the best price for the goods? The Law of Supply and Demand is the economist’s answer to this question.
    According to this law. changes in the prices of goods cause changes in supply and demand. An increase in the price of the goods causes an increase in supply—the number of goods the producers make. Producers will make more goods when they can get higher prices for the goods. The producer makes more shoes as the price of shoes goes up. At the same time, an increase in the price of the goods causes a decrease in demand—the number of goods the consumers buy. This is because people buy less when the price is high. People buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up. Conversely, a decrease in the price causes an increase in demand(people buy more shoes)and a decrease in supply(producers make fewer shoes).
    Business firms look at both supply and demand when they make decisions about prices and production. They look for the equilibrium point where supply equals demand. At this point, the number of shoes produced is 3 000 and the price of the shoes is $ 30. $ 30 is the equilibrium price: at this price the consumers will buy all of the 3 000 shoes which the producers make. If the producers increase the price of the shoes, or if they produce more than 3 000 shoes, the consumers will not buy all of the shoes. The producers will have a surplus(过剩)—more supply than demand—so they must decrease the price in order to sell all of the shoes. On the other hand, if they make fewer than 3 000 shoes, there will be a shoes shortage—more demand than supply—and the price will go up.
    According to the Law of Supply and Demand, the equilibrium price is the best price for the goods. The consumers and the producers will agree on this price because it is the only price that helps them both equally.
What do business firms look at when they make decisions about prices and production?
选项 A、The highest price.
B、The lowest price.
C、The income level of customers.
D、The supply and demand.
答案D
解析 由第三段第一、二句可知，商家在制订价格时要考虑市场的供求因素，另外他们要寻求一个能够使供求平衡的平衡点。
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