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  3. 殖民地时期 ——2015年英译汉及详解 Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emig

殖民地时期 ——2015年英译汉及详解 Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emig

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问题 殖民地时期
    ——2015年英译汉及详解
   Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.【F1】This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
   【F2】The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.【F3】But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
   【F4】The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably delay.
   To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, "The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.【F5】The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
【F4】
选项
答案在十五、十六世纪的北美大陆探险过去一百多年后，首批满载移民驶向今天合众国这片疆土的船只横穿过了大西洋。
解析 本句考查的重点是：形容词短语作后置定语及定语从句。
   本句的主干为The first shiploads of immigrants crossed the Atlantic。bound for the territory为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰immigrants，其后又跟了一个定语从句which is now the United States，修饰the  territory。时间状语more than a hundred years…of North America位于句末，修饰整个句子。
   ①为使译文更顺畅，可以将形容词短语bound for翻译为动词“运往”。
   ②汉语表达中常常将时间状语提前，因此时间状语more than a hundred years…of North America的翻译应放在句首。
   ③定语从句which is now the United States可译为前置定语，以使译文流畅。
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