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  3. Psychologists used to believe that greater prejudice among older adults was due to the fact that older people grew up in less eg

Psychologists used to believe that greater prejudice among older adults was due to the fact that older people grew up in less eg

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问题     Psychologists used to believe that greater prejudice among older adults was due to the fact that older people grew up in less egalitarian times.【B11】_____________
    The frontal lobes are the last part of the brain to develop as we progress through childhood and adolescence, and the first part of the brain to atrophy as we age. Atrophy of the frontal lobes does not diminish intelligence, but it degrades brain areas responsible for inhibiting irrelevant or inappropriate thoughts. Research suggests that this is why older adults have greater difficulty finding the word they’re looking for and why there is a greater likelihood of them voicing ideas they would have previously sup-pressed.
    【B12】________________
    At Williams College in Massachusetts, an African-American student said her white grandfather had recently started referring to her as his "little nigger grandchild". She was shocked and hurt by this, and couldn’t understand why her grandfather would say such a thing when she knew he loved her and was still mentally alert. The consequences of his disinhibited words were substantial, although he was creating friction only with family and friends.
    Researchers have found evidence of a variety of problems of this kind. For example, older adults in experiments are more likely than younger adults to rely on stereotypes and they have more difficulty than younger adults suppressing their stereotypic thoughts.【B13】______________Furthermore, all of these effects only emerge among older adults who show signs of poor frontal lobe functioning.
    There are two ways of interpreting the disinhibited expressions of older adults. Perhaps such statements reveal people’s true personality, finally emerging now that they can no longer suppress their beliefs.【B14】_____________Alternatively, it may be the case that our inhibitory abilities don’t suppress our personality but rather help shape it.
    According to one researcher, some of the children in her primary school used to shove snow down the jacket of a boy who had muscular dystrophy, because his physical disability prevented him from protecting himself. These children may have grown into adults who truly believe it is morally reprehensible to torment disabled children, but it is quite likely that they rely on their inhibitory ability to keep their earlier and more primitive attitudes in check.【B15】____________________
    [A]   But it doesn’t stop there—researchers also find that older adults are more likely to be socially in-sensitive across a variety of domains.
    [B]  In other words, strip away the political correctness enabled by the frontal lobes, and you learn what the student’s grandfather had really been thinking all these years.
    [C]  Famous people are at a disadvantage when their frontal lobes start to shrink, as many of their utterances are part of the public record. But disinhibition is also costly for people outside the public eye.
    [D]  Such changes in social attitudes are not inevitable, but they are common. And the people who find themselves becoming less tolerant or more prejudiced can be quite unsettled by the shift in their own attitudes—a change that can affect friendships and their position in society.
    [E]   From this perspective, inhibitory ability isn’t stopping people’s true opinions from emerging so much  as it’s suppressing their prior opinions. The research indicates that older adults simply have greater difficulty suppressing prejudices than younger adults do.
    [F]  But psychologist William von Hippel says it should not necessarily be a surprise—he argues that it’s not usual for people to become more prejudiced as they get older.
    [G]  In contrast to this view, recent research shows that normal changes to the brain in late adulthood can lead to greater prejudice among older adults.
【B12】
选项
答案C
解析 空格前是第二段，讲述额叶衰退的消极影响：难以找到合适表达；更倾向于表达之前抑制的想法。空格后是一个具体的例子，说明老年人“解除抑制”的言辞(disinhibited words)对家庭的不良影响。空格前后都提到了额叶衰退的影响，因此空格处的内容也应该与此相关。C说的是额叶衰退对名人和普通大众都会有影响．与空格前后谈论的话题一致。C的第二句指出由额叶衰退导致的disinhibition也使远离公众视野的人付出代价，正好与空格后的例子对应；其中，disinhibition对应本段末句的disinhibited words，而costly则对应该句中的The consequences…substantial。故本题选C。
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