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  3. There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophers have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the history

There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophers have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the history

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问题 There are a great many reasons for studying what philosophers
have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the
history of philosophy from which of science. Philosophy is             【M1】 ______
large discussion about matters on which few people are quite           【M2】 ______
certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledge
increases, philosophy bud off the sciences.                            【M3】 ______
For an example, in the ancient world and the Middle Ages               【M4】 ______
philosophers discussed motion. Aristotle and St. Thomas
Aquinas taught that a moving body would slow down until a force        【M5】______
were constantly applied to it. They were wrong. It goes on moving
unless something slows it down. But they had good arguments on
their side, and if we study these, and the experiments
which proved them fight this will help us to distinguish troth         【M6】 ______
from false in the scientific controversies of today.                   【M7】 ______
We also see how different philosopher reflects the social              【M8】 ______
life of his day. Plato and Aristotle, in the slaveowning society
of ancient Greece, thought man’s highest state was contemplation
rather than activity. In the Middle Ages St. Thomas
believed a regular feudal system of nine ranks of angels. Herbert      【M9】 ______
Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists,
found the key to progress as the survival of the fittest. Thus         【M10】 ______
Marxism is seen to fit into its place as the philosophy for
the workers, the only class with a future.
【M5】
选项
答案until 改成 unless
解析 until常和not连用，形成not…until句式，所以not是检验until是否用对的一个标志。这句在说：“亚里士多德和圣托马斯阿奎那都认为一个运动的物体除非给它不停地使力，否则它就会停下来”。unless这里是“除非”的意思。
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