首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
admin
2019-04-19
64
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has
cropped up
elsewhere. One study—conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £ 1,500 ($2,850) a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else: women taking " career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £ 4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the " glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
In contrast to Dr. Connolly’s study, the previous ones failed to______.
选项
A、make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities
B、make themselves more eligible for promotion
C、make a difference for a woman to settle into a professorial chair
D、make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality
答案
A
解析
这是一道细节理解推导题,测试考生对原文重要细节信息的识别理解以及推导能力。本题的答案信息来源在尾段的第三句,其大意是:“与以往的研究不同,康纳利博士的研究把大学里科学家的经验与其他种类试验室里科学家的经验进行了比较”。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是A。考生在阅读时应注意原文中的对立对比关系。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/UznZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
InEurope,therehasbeenaseriousdeclineinphysicalactivityoverthepast50years.Adultsaged20-60years【C1】______500kca
InEurope,therehasbeenaseriousdeclineinphysicalactivityoverthepast50years.Adultsaged20-60years【C1】______500kca
Americaisoneofmanycountrieswherethestategivesaleg-uptomembersofcertainracial,ethnic,orothergroups【C1】______h
Manypeopleliketotravel.Theproblemisgettingyourpettothe【C1】______.Inrecentyears,transportingpetsonflightshas
Prewritingreferstostrategiesyoucanusetogenerateideasbeforestartingthefirstdraftofapaper.Prewritingtechniques
People’sfinancialhistoryhasastrongimpactontheirtasteforrisk.LookingatsurveysofAmericanhousehold【C1】______from1
People’sfinancialhistoryhasastrongimpactontheirtasteforrisk.LookingatsurveysofAmericanhousehold【C1】______from1
People’sfinancialhistoryhasastrongimpactontheirtasteforrisk.LookingatsurveysofAmericanhousehold【C1】______from1
ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo.ltd.,oneofthesixcompanies,createdoutoftheprivatizednationalrailw
"Projectgold"and"ProjectNexus"soundlikeplansforbankrobberiesormilitaryattacks.Inreality,theyarethenamesforK
随机试题
引起慢性肾功能不全的最常见继发性肾脏病是
A.肠肝循环B.生物利用度C.生物半衰期D.表观分布容积E.单室模型药物在体内各组织器官中迅速分布并迅速达到动态分布平衡
()指由于利率的不确定,人们愿意持有现金寻找更好的获利机会。
某勘察设计院成立20多年来,创造了许多辉煌业绩。近几年来,市场竞争激烈,勘察设计院在管理和服务等方面出现了相对落后的情况,业绩逐年下降。2008年新上任的陆院长利用勘察设计院改制的机会,对勘察设计院进行了变革:首先,对组织结构进行了调整,将业务进行了重新组
案例:在“燃烧与灭火”这一节课的教学中,我结合生活中的燃烧现象,并出示了几张图片,开门见山地引入了课题,此时学生们也表现出了很强的求知欲望。接着我进行演示实验,想通过此实验让学生得出燃烧所需要的条件。而此时意想不到的事情发生了:实验时,铜片上的白磷剧烈地燃
樽海鞘是一种身体呈桶状、半透明,身长在1厘米到10厘米之间的一种海洋无脊椎生物。2014年1月21日,新西兰一名渔民在海里捕捞到一条几乎完全透明的海洋生物,像果冻一样柔软,与虾体型、大小类似。从以上的陈述中不能得出以下哪项结论?()
“五一六”通知
简述环境污染责任的构成要件和归责原则。
关系模式R(U,F),其中U={W,X,Y,Z),F={WX→Y,W→X,X→Z,Y→W}。关系模式R的候选键是(45),(46)是无损连接并保持函数依赖的分解。
下列叙述中,不属于设计准则的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)