首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The t
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The t
admin
2015-10-20
25
问题
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they’re meant to encourage.
A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives—showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note.
Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called "the moral sentiments." The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff—we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be esteemed by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don’t want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruistic than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics—and a prescription for sullen employees.
Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we’re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply—sometimes wrongly—what motivates us. Fines or public rebukes that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval(think of littering)can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities.
This does not mean it’s impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time—just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery of anti-social anachronisms.
According to experimental economists,
选项
A、more money is offered, fewer people donate blood.
B、economic incentives may run in the opposite direction.
C、a decreasing number of people donate blood for charity.
D、economic incentives clash with "the moral sentiments".
答案
B
解析
事实细节题。根据experimental economists定位到第三段。该段列举献血者的例子,说明当“道德情操”被破坏时用经济奖励去激励自愿行为会带来反效果,故不难推断B项为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VAzZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Gettingotherpeopletodowhatyouwantthemtodoisanartandasciencethatyoumustmasterifyouwanttosucceedinthis
Ifenergywastagesaretobereduced,cooks______.Tosaveenergy,cooksandkitchenmanagersshouldreceive______.
Themainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphsisthatmanypeople______.ThemainaimoftheWFPisto______.
Themainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphsisthatmanypeople______.Becausethereexistsurpluses(e.g.wheat,rice,butter),
StephenM.Saland,chairmanoftheStateSenateEducationCommittee,isaconservativeupstateRepublican,andStevenSanders,c
Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfields
Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDanAriely’snewbook"The(Honest)TruthAboutD
Sothat’swhatadigitalrevoltlookslike.Amillion-and-a-halfemailsandalmost90,000phonecallstoUSCongress.Publiccom
Duringtherecession,joblosseswerenotequitablyshared;employmentratesfellmoreforsomegroupsthanothers.Itisalsow
随机试题
按照防火墙保护网络使用方法的不同,防火墙可分为应用层防火墙和_________。
Tobeginwith,itisimpossibletocomeupwithasatisfactorydefinitionofwhatconstituteshappyandunhappymarriage.
承揽人在独立完成工作中遭受意外风险而不能完成工作的,如此意外风险不属不可抗力,风险由谁承担?()
目前,在我国接待团队旅游是大部分旅行社的主要业务。()
关于汉字的说法,正确的有()。
SCL一90共有90个项目,每个项目采用的均是()级评分制。
下面两题基于以下题干学年末,某中学初一年级进行了学年评定,有些学生干部当上了区三好学生,有些学生人了团。在推选共青团员的活动中,所有校三好学生都递交了入团申请,所有区三好学生都没有写入团申请。
关于我国区域经济发展格局,说法不正确的是()。
2011年,我国商标局共受理商标注册申请1416785件,连续十年位居世界第一。其中商标注册网上申请达804926件,占同期商标注册申请总量的56.8%。国内申请1273827件,外国来华申请量(包括马德里商标国际注册领土延伸申请的47127件)14295
SomehowCaliforniaisalwaysatthecuttingedge,beitintheflower-powerdaysofthe1960sorthedotcomboomofthe1990s.A
最新回复
(
0
)