2. 外语
  3. Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused b

Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused b

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问题    Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply."
   Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn’t failing you, " says Schacter. "Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed."
   Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, " says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
   Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available, " he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table — don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
   Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time, " says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
What do we learn from the last paragraph?
选项 A、If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.
B、Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C、Repetition helps improve our memory.
D、If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.
答案B
解析 最后一段主要讨论“走进房间却忘了去做什么”这一健忘现象，一共四句话。第一句描述现象。第二句给出了可能的原因——在想另外一件事。第三句借他人之口指出这种情况频繁发生。最后一句是解决办法：回到原来的地方。本段和第三段形成呼应和重复，作者再次举例论证环境对于记忆的作用，即记忆在某种程度上依赖于环境。
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