首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Science, being a human activity, is not immune to fashion.【F1】For example, one of the first mathematicians to study the subject
Science, being a human activity, is not immune to fashion.【F1】For example, one of the first mathematicians to study the subject
admin
2016-08-02
60
问题
Science, being a human activity, is not immune to fashion.【F1】
For example, one of the first mathematicians to study the subject of probability theory was an English clergyman called Thomas Bayes, who was born in 1702 and died in 1761.
His ideas about the prediction of future events from one or two examples were popular for a while, and have never been fundamentally challenged.【F2】
But they were eventually overwhelmed by those of the "frequentist" school, which developed the methods based on sampling from a large population that now dominate the field and are used to predict things as diverse as the outcomes of elections and preferences for chocolate bars.
Recently, however, Bayes’s ideas have made a comeback among computer scientists trying to design software with human like intelligence. Bayesian reasoning now lies at the heart of leading internet search engines and automated "help wizards". That has prompted some psychologists to ask if the human brain itself might be a Bayesian-reasoning machine.【F3】
They suggest that the Bayesian capacity to draw strong inferences from sparse data could be crucial to the way the mind perceives the world, plans actions, comprehends and learns language, reasons from correlation to causation, and even understands the goals and beliefs of other minds.
【F4】
These researchers have conducted laboratory experiments that convince them they are on the right track, but only recently have they begun to look at whether the brain copes with everyday judgments in the real world in a Bayesian manner.
In research to be published later this year in Psychological Science , Thomas Griffiths of Brown University in Rhode Island and Joshua Tenenbaum of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology put the idea of a Bayesian brain to a quotidian test. They found that it passes with flying colours.
The key to successful Bayesian reasoning is not in having an extensive, unbiased sample, which is the eternal worry of frequentists, but rather in having an appropriate "prior", as it is known to the cognoscenti.【F5】
This prior is an assumption about the way the world works—in essence, a hypothesis about reality—that can be expressed as a mathematical probability distribution of the frequency with which events of a particular magnitude happen.
【F5】
选项
答案
这个前提是对世界运行方式所做的假没,实质上是对真实事物的假设。这个假设是用大数量事件发生频率的数学概率分布表达出来的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VIoZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Organizationsandsocietiesrelyonfinesandrewardstoharnesspeople’sself-interestintheserviceofthecommongood.Thet
FromthefoundingofHarvardCollegein1636untiltheCivilWar,Americanuniversityeducationwasmostlyaboutsendingpiousa
FromthefoundingofHarvardCollegein1636untiltheCivilWar,Americanuniversityeducationwasmostlyaboutsendingpiousa
FromthefoundingofHarvardCollegein1636untiltheCivilWar,Americanuniversityeducationwasmostlyaboutsendingpiousa
FromthefoundingofHarvardCollegein1636untiltheCivilWar,Americanuniversityeducationwasmostlyaboutsendingpiousa
Iftheywerejustanotherproduct,themarketwouldworkitsusualmagic:supplywouldrespondtohighpricesandrisetomeets
Humanity’sgreatestaccomplishmentofthepastfivedecades,declaredBillGatesthisweek,isthereductioninthenumberofde
Youarewhatyoueat,orsothesayinggoes.ButRichardWrangham,ofHarvardUniversity,believesthatthisistrueinamorep
Shortlybeforehediedoflymphoma,thegreatwriterandphysicianLewisThomas,whosebooksturnedscienceintoawayofapprec
随机试题
浅根性乔木培育所必需的最低限度土层厚度为()mm。
乌梅丸组成中无
既能杀虫,又能行气利水,治疗水肿、脚气肿痛的药物是
大陷胸汤的药物组成中含有
【2012年第89题】抗震设计时,对以下哪类建筑应进行专门研究和论证,采取特殊的加强措施?
汽轮机是以蒸汽为工质的将热能转变为机械能的旋转式原动机,其按照工作原理划分可分为()。
社会政策就是指政府在一定社会价值的指导下,为达到某种社会性的目标而采取的()的总和。
设f(x)=3x2+Ax-3(x>0),A为正常数,问A至少为多少时,f(x)≥20?
微型计算机中运算器的主要功能是进行______。
ThelargestcityinAustraliais
最新回复
(
0
)