首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
admin
2019-01-06
81
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behaviour, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all) were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were moulded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.
What is the difference between human beings and animals?
选项
A、The way they communicate.
B、How they express feelings.
C、The permanent change influenced by environment upon human beings instead of animals.
D、Whether they can use tools or not.
答案
C
解析
细节题。根据关键词difference定位至原文第一段前三句。第二句强调句指明区别为“susceptible to environment”(易受环境影响),同时还需结合第一句和第三句,第三句指出虽然低等动物也受环境影响,但不会直接引起习惯的改变,第一句指出人类会受环境影响,并形成持久的改变(a permanent change)。因此,正确答案是C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VcH7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Theman’sprofessor.B、Theman’sroommate.C、Thewoman’sboyfriend.D、Aneighbour.B细节题。根据I’mhavingproblemslivingwithJo
A、Sam.B、Ms.Connors.C、Sarah.D、Paula.B细节题。根据SowereportedittoMs.Connors,theowner.可知房屋所有者是Ms.Connors。因此,正确答案是B。
Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture,itsdevelopmentintoa【C1】______fieldisreallyquite
Parents’Homework:FindPerfectTeachersforKidsA)TomiHalldidwhatshecouldtolobbyforthebestteachersforhertwochil
Nearlytwo-thirdsofbusinessesintheUKwantto【C1】______staffwithforeignlanguageskills.Frenchisstillthemosthighlyp
A、Thepreviousonesoldgroceriesanditstayedopenlonger.B、Thepreviousonesoldallkindsofthingsanditstayedopenlong
Baby-NamingTrendsA)Overthelastfiftyyears,Americanparentshaveradicallyincreasedthevarietyofnamestheygivetheirc
ManyworkerswhoworkedintheWorldTradeCenteraftertheSeptembereleventhattacksbecamesick.Theybreathedamixofdust,
A、Hedeliveredpublicspeeches.B、Hegotseriouslyintoacting.C、HehostedtalkshowsonTV.D、HeplayedaroleinEastofEden
It’spossibletoadmireOprahWinfreyandstillwishHarvardhadn’tawardedheranhonorarydoctoroflawdegreeandthecommenc
随机试题
下列给定程序中,函数fun的功能是:在形参ss所指字符串数组中查找与形参t所指字符串相同的串,找到后返回该串在字符串数组中的位置(即下标值),若未找到则返回-1。ss所指字符串数组中共有N个内容不同的字符串,且串长小于M。请在下画线处填入正确的内
2014年年末,某省公路里程172167千米,同比增长2.8%,其中,高速公路4237千米,同比增长3.3%。国家铁路正线延展里程和营业里程分别为15060千米和9351千米,分别同比增长-0.28%和0.23%。地方铁路正线延展里程和营业里程分别为180
我国发展对外经济关系的基础是()
患者男,45岁,左眼翼状胬肉行单纯胬肉切除术后4个月,原胬肉切除区再次形成新生血管结缔组织,并且侵入角膜约4mm,此时再次手术最合适的治疗方案是
构成影响精神疾病的因素包括
某患者涂抹某化妆品后5~7天,再次涂抹时局部出现红肿、水疱、大疱,病变边界不清,自觉瘙痒并有灼热感。诊断可能为
根据齿向,平面齿轮传动可分为外啮合、内啮合及( )。
你所在检验检疫局要在某社区开展一次食品安全宣传活动,在活动期间还会为社区居民提供蔬菜质量的免费检测。如果领导让你负责,你会怎么做?
党的十七大报告指出,十一届三中全会以来,中国共产党坚持马克思主义思想路线。不断探索和回答的重大理论和实际问题是()
A、1000.B、100.C、200.D、2000.D男士说他曾经有过另外一个工作是士兵,女士问他是什么时候,他说是两千年前,而且恺撒很明显是2000年以前的人物,所以选D。
最新回复
(
0
)