首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
admin
2015-05-29
120
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude.It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower.The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits.Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity.When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts.Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it.It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity".Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts.Such beings we know in the ants and spiders.But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man.Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all), were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important.But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth.For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance.The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations.Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important.And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man.Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always-supplementary factors.
Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?
选项
A、They are natural endowments to living creatures.
B、They are more important than instincts to all animals.
C、They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.
D、They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.
答案
C
解析
本题可参照文章第2段的Habits,instead ofbeing bom ready.made…were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment.从中可知C项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VeLO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance
Themostexcitingkindofeducationisalsothemost.Nothingcan【61】thejoyofdiscoveringforyourselfsomethingthatisimpor
Therangeandvarietyofgovernmentactionthatis,atleastinprinciple,reconcilablewithafreesystemisconsiderable.The
ItwasanormaldayinthelifeoftheAmericanRedCrossinGreaterNewYork.First,partofabuildingonWest140thStreet,i
TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonIn
Mostofustelloneortwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausethelie
Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIam
Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIam
Accordingtoonesurveyof12,000people,about30percentofthosemakingNewYear’sresolutionssaytheydon’tevenkeepthem
Anewbiotechnologyprocedurethatcouldbecomecommerciallyavailableinaslittleastwotofouryearsis"transgenesis",whic
随机试题
关于女性生殖器结核的主要传播途径,下列哪项正确( )
与金属基托比较,塑料基托
在管理承包模式(MC)中,业主要求管理承包商提出保证最大工程费用。关于实际工程费用的说法,正确的是()。
以下招标采购风险中,属于外部风险的是()风险。
建设投资额高,投资回收周期长,风险大,价格弹性小,对市场数量信号反映不灵敏,资本流动性差。这是()的特点。
[2017年真题]根据《房屋建筑与装饰工程工程量计算规范》(GB50854—2013),现浇混凝土墙工程量应()。
恒利发展是在上海证券交易所挂牌的上市公司,股本总额10亿元。恒利发展拟通过非公开发行公司债券的方式筹集1亿元资金,并拟订了发行方案,部分内容如下:(1)拟非公开发行公司债券1亿元,期限5年,面值100元;(2)发行对象为不超过300名的合格投资者,其中:企
外部薪酬包括直接薪酬和间接薪酬,直接薪酬包括()。(2007年11月三级真题)
有人说“既然实践是检验真理的唯一标准,党提出的新的路线方针政策还没有经过实践的检验,还不能证明它是真理,因而不能坚决贯彻执行。”这种说法的错误在于不承认党的新路线方针政策()。
A、TRUEB、FALSEB
最新回复
(
0
)