2. 外语
  3. Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing

Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing

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问题    Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the science. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare’s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso’s painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, rather than transcend that form.
   This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has no bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart’s "The Marriage of Figaro"is surely among the masterpiece of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing mens. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the hales and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his composition reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits – the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach -- in strikingly original ways.
The passage implies that an original contribution in science is one that ______.
选项 A、is often quoted in the work of other scientists
B、is careful not to make a value judgement about the use of data
C、is applauded by all distinguished experimentalists
D、generates a novel and well-founded generalization
答案D
解析 该题问：文章暗示，在科学上最早的贡献是什么?D项意为“产生一种新颖的论据充分的通则”。文章开始就提出超凡创造力的革命性在于创造将为人接受的东西。接着就说“根据这一公式，高度创造性活动超越现存形式藩篱，建立一个崭新的组织原则”。这个原则就是通则。说明在谈到艺术时，“高度创造性活动不是产生一种新的通则而是美学细节”。反过来说，在科学上，高度创造性就是产生崭新的通则。所以D选项是正确的，是文内所隐射的。A项意为“常常为其他科学家著作中所引证”；B项意为“注意不要对数据应用作出有价值的判断”；C项意为“为所有的著名实验者赞扬”。这三项均不对。
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