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  3. The only popular thought about beauty today, the one that has the widest currency in the world, is the idea that beauty lies in

The only popular thought about beauty today, the one that has the widest currency in the world, is the idea that beauty lies in

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问题    The only popular thought about beauty today, the one that has the widest currency in the world, is the idea that beauty lies in the eye of the beholder. It seeks to make peace between people who have very different tastes. 【R1】__________Yet the success of this generous approach keeps attention away from deeper, more important aspects.
   In 1795, the German dramatist and poet Friedrich Schiller published a book On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters. It contains some of the most useful insights into the nature and value of beauty. Schiller’s starting point is an analysis of the human condition. He wants to understand our delight in what we find beautiful. Instead of asking which things are beautiful, Schiller is curious about what is going on in us when we respond with this distinctive, intimate thrill and enthusiasm that leads us to say "that’s beautiful".
   Schiller thinks of human nature as an arena in which two powerful psychological drives are at work. On the one hand, there is the "sense" drive which lives in the moment and seeks immediate gratification. 【R2】__________Schiller associated the sense drive with his friend Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who longed to see things with his own eyes.
   The second drive identified by Schiller was the "form" drive: the inner demand for coherence over time, for abstract understanding and rational order. 【R3】__________When we think that a person is entitled to a fair trial, we are motivated, Schiller says, by the rational "form" drive. We are loyal to the abstract, general ideal of due process.
   What he’s calling the sense drive and the form drive are powerful impulses in us. But they are often in conflict. 【R4】__________
   Schiller’s point is that human nature is fired by two divergent kinds of longing: we can’t hope to see why beauty matters to us unless we pay attention to them both.
   It might look as though Schiller is trying to resuscitate an old religious theme, the struggle between the flesh and the spirit. But there is a crucial difference. Thinkers ranging from St Paul to Immanuel Kant have all believed that one of these aspects of our nature—which they usually call the spiritual or rational—should triumph. But Schiller does not believe that one side is more important than the other. Rather, the two sides are in need of each other. 【R5】__________
   [A] It craves contact and possession and can be coarse, as when one yearns to swig great draughts of beer, but it can also be elevated.
   [B] The demands of the short term are at odds with the hopes of the longer view; comfort and ease struggle against a sense of duty and responsibility; and the allure of freedom clashes with the longing to be steadfast and rooted in existing commitments.
   [C] People are delighted by wildly variant things and that’s how it should be, the thinking goes—so don’t get worked up trying to figure out which things are beautiful.
   [D] If the sense drive dominates, we become brutish and superficial. If the form drive is too dominant, we become dry and callous. We need the two to interact harmoniously in order to see the role that beauty can play in our lives.
   [E] At the same time, the form drive is also at work in artistic creations, for example, the statue of Apollo. We respond to the artistic structure to it, its proportion and unity.
   [F] This drive, thought Schiller, seeks to leave behind the peculiarities of one’s own experience and discover universal principles. It is at the heart of justice—which is not about getting what you want for yourself—and is animated by principle.
   [G] However, both drives do not work against one another. Instead, they co-operate, and Schiller’s point is that to experience artwork in a dual way with the two drives at work is to find it beautiful.
【R5】
选项
答案D
解析 空格前概述了席勒的观点与许多思想家的不同之处在于席勒认为肉与灵同等重要，即感觉驱动力与形式驱动力同等重要。彼此相互需要。因此空格处可能是对席勒这一观点的进一步解释。D的头两句讲述两种驱动力分别占据主导时的消极影响，这体现了空格前提到的“两种驱动力应该有其中一种要占主导”这种观点的局限性；然后D的第三句接着指出只有让感觉驱动力与形式驱动力互相协作，我们才能看到美在我们生活中的作用。这与空格前所提到的席勒的观点相对应。可见D进一步阐明了空格前席勒的观点。与上下文语意连贯、衔接顺畅，且D最后一句颇具概括和总结的特点，适合作为总收尾句，故确定本题答案为D。
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