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  3. Be careful what you say around a pregnant woman. As a fetus grows inside a mother’s belly, it can hear sounds from the outside w

Be careful what you say around a pregnant woman. As a fetus grows inside a mother’s belly, it can hear sounds from the outside w

admin2015-03-25  62
问题     Be careful what you say around a pregnant woman. As a fetus grows inside a mother’s belly, it can hear sounds from the outside world—and can understand them well enough to retain memories of them after birth, according to a new research.
    【F1】It may seem incredible that fetuses(胎儿)can listen to speech within the womb(子宫), but the sound-processing parts of their brain become active in the last three months of pregnancy, and sound carries fairly well through the mother’s abdomen. " If you put your hand over your mouth and speak, that’s very similar to the situation the fetus is in," says cognitive neuroscientist Eino Partanen of the University of Helsinki. "You can hear the rhythm of speech, rhythm of music, and so on. "
    A 1988 study suggested that newborns recognize the theme song from their mother’s favorite soap opera. More recent studies have expanded on the idea of fetal learning, indicating that newborns already familiarized themselves with sounds of their parent’s native language;【F2】one showed that American newborns seem to perceive Swedish vowel sounds as unfamiliar, sucking on a high-tech pacifier to hear more of the new sounds. Swedish infants showed the same response to English vowels.
    But those studies were based on babies’ behaviors, which can be tricky to test. Partanen and his team decided instead to outfit babies with EEG sensors to look for neural traces of memories from the womb. "Once we learn a sound, if it’s repeated to us often enough, we form a memory of it, which is activated when we hear the sound again," he explains.【F3】This memory speeds up recognition of sounds in the learner’s native language and can be detected as a pattern of brain waves, even in a sleeping baby.
    【F4】The team gave expectant women(孕妇)a recording to play several times a week during their last few months of pregnancy, which included a made-up word, "tatata," repeated many times with music. Sometimes the middle syllable was varied, with a different pitch or vowel sound. By the time the babies were born, they had heard the made-up word, on average, more than 25,000 times. And when they were tested after birth, these infants’ brains recognized the word and its variations, while infants in a control group did not.
    【F5】Babies who had heard the recordings showed the neural signal for recognizing vowel and pitch changes in the made-up word, and the signal was strongest for the infants whose mothers played the recording most often. "This leads us to believe that the fetus can learn much more detailed information than we previously thought," Partanen says, "and that the memory traces are detectable after birth. "
【F3】
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答案这种记忆加速了初学者对本族语言声音的识别，并能作为一种脑波形式被检测到，即使是在一个熟睡的婴儿身上也是如此。
解析 该句是一个简单句，由and连接两个并列的谓语成分。在前一个谓语成分中，我们可利用词性转换法将recognition of这一名词短语转译为汉语中的介词短语“对……的识别”，同时利用增词法为这一介词短语添加主语“初学者”，译为“初学者对本族语言声音的识别”。在后一个谓语成分中，as a pattern of brain waves这一介词短语用作动词detect的方式状语，根据汉语的表达习惯，我们可以把这一介词短语前置，译到动词之前，即“作为一种脑波形式被检测到”。
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