首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break A)Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and get
Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break A)Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and get
admin
2019-03-15
60
问题
Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break
A)Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the "send" button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade.
B)EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks.
C)The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics.
D)Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that the instant-grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades. "There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback," Dr. Agarwal said. "Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback. "
E)But skeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critic, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders.
F)He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁)opposing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky.
G)"Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scoring," the group’s statement reads in part. " Computers cannot ’ read. ’ They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical(伦理的)position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others. "
H)But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley: this fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.
I)The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade 100 essays or essay questions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical(数字的)rank.
J)EdX is not the fust to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states—Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia—are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some cases the software is used as a "second reader," to check the reliability of the human graders.
K)But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology.
L)Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create "massive open online courses," or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. " It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating(吸引)toward resubmitting the work until they get it right," said Daphne Roller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera.
M)Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software.
N)"One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically," said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. " It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time. "
O)Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technology—though imperfect—has a place in educational settings.
P)With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.
Q)" Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could," Dr. Shermis said. "There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world. "
The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.
选项
答案
M
解析
M)段提到,休利特基金会赞助了两个金额1O万美元的奖项,旨在对短文和简答题评分软件进行改进。本段最后一句将这种比赛称为Hewlett contest,而且题干中的essay grading software是原文中的software that grades essays and short answers的同义转述,故答案为M)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VsZ7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
TodayIwouldliketotellyouabouttheeffectsofoldageonhealth.Actuallytodayalotof【C1】______havetakenplaceinthe
HowtoMakeAttractiveandEffectivePowerPointPresentationsA)MicrosoftPowerPointhasdramaticallychangedthewayinwhicha
A、Togetaproperfeelofaplace.B、Tovisitasmanycountriesaspossible.C、Toappreciatethelocalfoodandwine.D、Toincre
Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeople?Evenaskilledwriterp
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthefollowingtopic.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbut
A、Unemploymentbringsbadfeelings.B、Unemploymentbringsgoodfeelings.C、Oneshouldtrytomakethebestofunemployment.D、Un
TheGulfBetweenCollegeStudentsandLibrariansA)Studentsrarelyasklibrariansforhelp,evenwhentheyneedit.Thisis
So-called"greenroofs"—urbanrooftopscoveredwithgrasses,plantsandothertypesofgreenery—arebecomingincreasinglypopula
So-called"greenroofs"—urbanrooftopscoveredwithgrasses,plantsandothertypesofgreenery—arebecomingincreasinglypopula
A、Theyeattoomuchforlunch.B、Theysleeptoolittleatnight.C、Theirbodytemperaturesbecomelower.D、Theweatherbecomesa
随机试题
A.美国波士顿麻省综合医院B.中国北京协和医院C.美国圣.玛丽医院D.澳大利亚阿夫列德王子医院E.美国新泽西州医院第一所授予病案学士学位的单位是
新闻媒介提高广告收入的方法有哪些?
某大型企业计划在自然疫源地兴建旅游建设项目,在征询意见时,有专家提醒,根据《传染病防治法》规定,应当事先由法定单位对该项目施工环境进行卫生调查。该法定单位是()
()是指债权人与债务人或债务人提供的第三人以协商订立书面合同的方式,移转债务人或者债务人提供的第三人的动产或权利的占有,在债务人不履行债务时,债权人有权以该财产价款优先受偿。[2016年6月真题]
背诵短文时,前后端的内容容易记住,中间的内容难记且易遗忘,这是()影响的结果。
古代人物画中默写的典范作品是五代顾闳中画的《__________》。
《论持久战》是毛泽东同志在哪个时期提出的战略方针?()
王国维读书治学的一个重要方法,就是对一个问题,总是先_______地收集资料,然后_______地予以分析,最后进行综合性的总结,从而达到对这一问题深刻的认识。填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是:
在企业价值理论中,采购管理技术开发、人力资源管理和企业基础结构属于()。
执行如下程序,最后S的显示值为SETTALKOFF s=0 i=5 x=11 DOWHILEs
最新回复
(
0
)