首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semi-permanent change of residence." This broad definition, of course, would inclu
Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semi-permanent change of residence." This broad definition, of course, would inclu
admin
2014-01-17
65
问题
Migration is usually defined as "permanent or semi-permanent change of residence." This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.
Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination).
Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance between several attractive potential destinations. The deciding factor might be a non economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow.
Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call "intervening obstacles", Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem likely to be encountered on arrival.
The decision to move is also influenced by "personal factors" of the potential migrant. The same push pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging, to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.
Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.
The author thinks that pull factors ______.
选项
A、are all related to economic considerations
B、are not as decisive as push factors
C、include a range of considerations
D、are more important than push factors
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。此题考查对第三段造成人们移居的“拉力”的理解。移居主要与经济因素有关,但也与“non-economic(非经济因素)”有关,因而选项A不符合题意,选项C符合题意。选项B D 是对“推力”和“拉力”的比较,文中未提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VwFK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxatioaTo【C1】______theirworktheymustreadletters,reports,newspapers...In
AnF-22aircraftcrashedinAlaskawhenthepilotwas
TheKalinagotribe,ontheislandofDominica,isundersomehistoricpopulationpressure.The【C1】______majorityoftheWestI
Parentsoftenwonderwhattheirlittleonesareabsorbingfromthem.Forexample,mymotherhadawonderfulvocabulary.Soitma
Beforethe1500’s,thewesternplainsofNorthAmericaweredominatedbyfarmers.Onegroup,theMandans,【C1】______inthe
Drunkendriving—sometimescalledAmerican’ssociallyacceptedformofmurder—hasbecomeanational【C1】______Everyhourof
FormerU.S.PresidentGeorgeW.BushappearedonNBCtelevisionto
Toooftenyoungpeoplegetthemselvesemployedquitebyaccident,notknowing(1)______liesinthewayofopportunityforpromoti
______thatthepilotcouldn’tflythroughit.
Islamisacompletewayoflife.ItconsidersthefamilythecornerstoneofIslamicsociety.Itbasestheatmosphereinthefam
随机试题
《北京条约》第2条第1款对“表演者”下了定义,表演者所享有的具体权利不包括()
既能运脾消食,固精止遗,又能化坚消石的药物是
A.1~2周B.临产前24小时C.先兆临产时D.妊娠12周内E.3~7天建立围生期保健卡的时间是()。
关于材料质量管理的说法,正确的有()。
下列法律后果中,属于民事责任承担方式的是()。
甲公司丢失一张汇票,挂失止付后得知乙银行在收到挂失止付通知书之前,已经向持票人付款,乙银行不再承担责任。()
古代警察的特点是()。
要说服别人,我们就要让别人相信;要让别人相信,我们就必须让人觉得可靠:要让人觉得可靠,我们就要诚实。由此可见:
经济体制改革是全面深化改革的重点,核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系,使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好地发挥政府作用。政府的职责和作用主要是()
下列哪个选项不是FilterInputStream的子类?
最新回复
(
0
)