2. 考研
  3. Europeans and Americans alike have certain romantic notions about Sweden. We imagine it as a land of liberal-minded people livin

Europeans and Americans alike have certain romantic notions about Sweden. We imagine it as a land of liberal-minded people livin

admin2013-01-28  55
问题     Europeans and Americans alike have certain romantic notions about Sweden. We imagine it as a land of liberal-minded people living in a bastion of equality—which, in many ways, it is. Sweden has the second highest number of female parliamentarians in the world. Half its government ministers are women. Its wage gap is narrow, and females are well represented in the labor force. Both the United Nations and the World Economic Forum have rated it tops in the world for equality.
    But no paradise is without its paradoxes. In Sweden, the biggest one is this: while the government has done much to improve the lives of women, it has also created a glass ceiling for them that is thicker than that in many other European countries, as well as in the United States. While state-funded child care and extremely long and cushy maternity benefits make it easy to be a working mother in Sweden, such benefits also have the effect of dampening female employment in the most lucrative and powerful jobs. In Sweden, more than 50 percent of women who work do so in the public sector—most as teachers , nurses, civil servants, home health aides or child minders, according to the OECD. Compare this to about 30 percent in the U.K. and 19.5 percent in America. "Private-sector employers are less willing to deal with the disruption caused by very long maternity leaves," says Manuela Tomei, a labor sociologist with the International Labor Organization in Geneva. " Gender discrimination in Sweden may be more subtle, but it is very much there. "
    The link between family-friendly policies and female employment are a hot topic all over the developed world, as birthrates fall and a shortage of skilled labor looms. Europeans have looked to the Nordic countries as a model—longer maternity leaves and state-funded child care must make it easier for women to have careers, or so the conventional wisdom goes. And indeed the system does make it easier for women to hold lower-to-mid level jobs and have children. But as London School of Economies fellow Catherine Hakim notes, policies that raise the birthrate "don’t necessarily translate into complete gender equality, particularly in the private sector".
    Swedish women are unlikely to hold important managerial positions. A study by former ILO economist Richard Anker using data from 2000 found that while women in the United States field 45. 3 percent of managerial positions, their Swedish counterparts held only 29.2 percent (Britons held 33 percent, Germans 27 percent and Danes 23 percent). And, while the average wage gap between the genders in Sweden is narrow (about 15 percent) , it can exceed 40 percent in high-end jobs. And while the gap is closing in other countries, it has held steady in Sweden for most of the last decade.  
Developed countries tend to adopt Sweden-like polices in order to______.
选项 A、improve their gender equality
B、provide better condition for working mothers
C、increase the birthrate
D、help women to hold better jobs
答案C
解析 细节题。第三段首先提到：随着出生率下降和熟练工人短缺问题的慢慢出现，有利于家庭的政策与女性就业之间的关系成为所有发达国家的热门话题，接着指出：欧洲人将北欧国家当做榜样。这说明：这些国家的目的是为了提高出生率、缓解熟练工人短缺问题。C符合题意，为正确选项。A、B和D都误解了文意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Vzd4777K
0

考研英语一

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)