首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and redu
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and redu
admin
2012-07-17
19
问题
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and reduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance, most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning. Presumably, the person was frightened earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal [perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant (充满 活力的) dog] and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response—fear.
Most physiologists deal with reduction. Phenomena are explained in terms of simpler phenomena. For example, the movement of a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the membrane (薄膜,隔膜) of muscle cells, entry of particular chemicals, and interactions between protein molecules within these cells. A molecular biologist would "explain" these events in terms of forces that bind various molecules together and cause various parts of these molecules to be attracted to one another.
The task of physiological psychology is to "explain" behavior in physiological terms. Like other scientists, physiological psychologists believe that all natural phenomena—including human behavior—are subject to the laws of physics. Thus, the laws of behavior can be reduced to descriptions of physiological processes.
How does one study the physiology of behavior? Physiological psychologists cannot simply be reductionists. It is not enough to observe behaviors and correlate them with physiological events that occur at the same time. Identical behaviors, under different conditions, may occur for different reasons, and thus be initiated by different physiological mechanisms- this means that we must understand "psychologically" why a particular behavior occurs before we can understand what physiological events made it occur.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
选项
A、The difference between "scientific" and "unscientific" explanations.
B、The difference between human and animal behavior.
C、How fear would be explained by the psychologist, physiologist, and molecular biologist.
D、How scientists differ in their approaches to explaining natural phenomena.
答案
D
解析
本文主要论述的是科学家在解释自然现象时采用的不同方法。第一段论述的是心理学家在解释人的行为时采用的概括法;第二段论述的是生理学家在解释生理现象时采用的简化法;第三段、第四段论述的是生理心理学家使用的生理活动描述法。由以上我们可以看出,选项D符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/W6XO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
ThegreatAmericanscientistEdisonhadaremarkable______forinventingnewthings.
ThefirsteditionofThomasKuhn’s"TheStructureofScientificRevolutions"appearedin1962.【T1】Hisvisionrevolutionizedthe
Thesepollutantscanbe______hundredsandeventhousandsofkilometersbylargeairmasses.
Thenotionthatinanimateobjectsaresubjecttotheirownexperiencemaysoundabsurd;anditis.However,thereasontodismis
Thenotionthatinanimateobjectsaresubjecttotheirownexperiencemaysoundabsurd;anditis.However,thereasontodismis
Wewillalsoseea______increaseinthenumberoftelevisionsperhousehold,assmallTVdisplaysareaddedtoclocks,coffeema
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand
随机试题
A公司某项库存商品20lO年12月31日账面余额为l00万元,已计提存货跌价准备20万元。2011年1月20日,A公司将上述商品对外出售,售价为90万元,增值税销项税额为15.3万元,收到款项存入银行。要求:编制出售商品时的会计分录。
在全心舒张期中
甲状腺高功能腺瘤( )甲状腺未分化癌( )
A.邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素B.阿拉伯胶浆C.滑石粉D.淀粉E.水可用作润滑剂的是
超过有效期的药品是所标明的适应证或者功能主治超出规定范围的药品是
I______tomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.
光年是长度计量单位。()
下列各句中加下划线的成语使用不恰当的一项是()。
移动电话普及率超过2001年电话普及率是在()。
规定“私营经济是社会主义公有制经济的补充”,是在对我国现行《宪法》进行()修正时作出的。
最新回复
(
0
)