首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
公务员
In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective rese
In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective rese
admin
2019-12-28
16
问题
In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.But in the everyday practice of science,discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective,but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experiences.Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience,what we think our experiences mean,and the subsequent actions we take.Opportunities for misinterpretation,error,and self-deception abound.
Consequently,discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience.Similar to newly staked mining claims,they are full of potential.But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me,here,now becomes the community’s anyone,anywhere,anytime.Objective knowledge is the goal,not the starting point.
Once a discovery claim becomes public,the discoverer receives intellectual credit.But,unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next.Within the complex social
structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries;editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process;other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes;and finally,the public(including other scientists)receives the fiew discovery and possiblv accompanying technology.As a discovery claim works its way through the community,the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the techn010gY involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovenr.
Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First,scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.The goal is new-search,not re-search.Not surprisingly,newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.Second,novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and phvsiologist Albert once described discovery as“seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobodv has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views.Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.
In the end,credibility“happens”to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher
Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.“We reason together,challenge,
revise,and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions 0f reason.”
请回答下列问题。
It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires______________
选项
A、strict inspection
B、shared efforts
C、individual wisdom
D、persistent innovation
答案
B
解析
推断题。根据题干定位在文章第二段。文中指出it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to…This is the credibility process,B项shared efforts(共同努力)表达了相同意思。A项“严格审查”、C项“个人智慧”都是对原文的曲解。D项“不断创新”属于无中生有,原文未提。故本题选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WBjY777K
本试题收录于:
银保监财会类题库国家公务员分类
0
银保监财会类
国家公务员
相关试题推荐
中国国粹京剧的脸谱颜色代表了不同的人物性格。以下脸谱颜色与代表的人物性格特征匹配错误的是:
2017年1-8月,W省完成民间固定资产投资(以下简称民间投资)10287.23亿元,同比增长12.6%,比全国民间投资增速快6.2个百分点,比上年同期快10.2个百分点,比上半年和一季度分别加快1.1个和6.0个百分点。1-8月,全省民间投资增
2015年全礼会同定资产投资562000亿元,比上年增长9.8%,扣除价格因素,实际增长11.8%。2015年,表中固定资产投资达到万亿的行业按投资额从高到低排名的顺序与2014年相比有变化的有:
《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二O三五年远景目标的建议》提出,增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用,顺应消费升级趋势,提升传统消费,培育新型消费,适当增加公共消费。下列措施中,有助于增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用的有:①提高服务消费领域
如图所示,3只相同的杯子中分别装入了质量相等的水、煤油和盐水,则下列判断正确的是:
普通消费者囿于专业弱势群体的地位无从对错误或失真的负面信息进行有效甄别,即便企业努力澄清,但在当前“好事不出门,坏事传千里”的舆论传播环境下,强烈的记忆效应将使得追求风险规避的人们很难改变原有的错误认知,他们仍然会将之作为未来相当长一段时间内的消费决策指南
从所给四个选项中,选出能与给定的①、②、③、④零件共同构成如下图所示的9×2方块组合的一项:
Theexpressionbenchmarkinghasbecomeoneofthefashionablewordsincurrentmanagementdiscussion.Onestraightforwarddefinit
下列各项中,代表即付年金现值系数的是()。
注册会计师编制的审计工作底稿,应当使未曾接触该项审计工作的有经验的专业人士了解的内容包括()。
随机试题
A、足三里B、阳陵泉C、悬钟D、足临泣E、公孙八会穴中的筋会穴是
对桥梁进行承载能力检算评定时,当承载能力检算系数评定标度D(),且作用效应与抗力效应的比值()时,可直接评定该桥承载能力满足要求。
在长管水力计算中,( )。
全国人大及其常委会制定的法律,可以创设各种行政处罚,并对( )行政处罚的创设拥有专属权。
如果企业速动比率很小,下列结论成立的是()。
《福建省中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)》提出工作的根本要求是坚持()。
中华人民共和国的公民,不分民族,性别,宗教信仰自由,家庭出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、财产状况、居住期限,都有选举权和被选举权。()
一长方形纸板长为4cm,宽为3cm,将其折叠后,折痕为AF,如图所示,则阴影三角形的周长是:
设一棵满二叉树共有15个结点,则在该满二叉树中的叶子结点数为()。
(76)Timespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyable,whetheryouareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasapresent.Y
最新回复
(
0
)