首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in t
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in t
admin
2013-01-10
67
问题
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well-being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of land, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literary became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literary became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well-being.
From the first paragraph we learn that
选项
A、it is fairly easy to determine literacy.
B、there is no illiteracy in a rich family.
C、history sees an even progress towards literacy.
D、in history literacy suffers ups and downs.
答案
D
解析
第一段指出,从古至今,文化水平的增长并非一帆风顺(a story of unbroken progress),某个社会的人的阅读和写作水平受许多因素制约,如:经济状况、阅读材料的多少、受教育机会(the amount of education available)和阅读能力的实用性,故答案为D 。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WChK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Thecurrentpoliticaldebateoverfamilyvalues,personalresponsibility,andwelfaretakesforgrantedtheentrenchedAmerican
Sociologistsuse"power"torefertothecapacityofpeopletocontrolorinfluencetheactionsofothers.Sociologistsstudypo
ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.【C1】______homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlo
Surprisinglyenough,modernhistorianshaverarelyinterestedthemselvesinthehistoryoftheAmericanSouthintheperiodbefo
Surprisinglyenough,modernhistorianshaverarelyinterestedthemselvesinthehistoryoftheAmericanSouthintheperiodbefo
Surprisinglyenough,modernhistorianshaverarelyinterestedthemselvesinthehistoryoftheAmericanSouthintheperiodbefo
Oneoftheadvantagesofmostpaidworkisthatitgiveschancesofsuccessandopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccess
Thesmallestwordsinourvocabularyoftenrevealthemostaboutus,includinghonestyandthinkingstyle.Stopandthinkabout
WhathappenedtothefivesuspectedSomalipirates?
Soconfused______thathedidn’tknowhowtostarthislecture.
随机试题
Listeningisanextremelycomplexcommunicativeactivity.Inordertohaveabetterunderstanding,toanticipatewhatiscoming
外阴癌的临床症状有()
肺结核空洞可分为
患者女性,56岁,有咳嗽、咳痰,气喘史8年,每遇冬季或感冒后加重,平素行走无异常,上楼时气短明显,查体,口唇轻度紫绀,颈静脉无怒张,桶状胸,呼吸音稍低,叩过清音,心率80次/分,肝不大,双下肢无浮肿。
开发区规划方案分析时须将开发区规划方案放在区域发展的层次上进行合理性分析,突出开发区()的合理性。
按照安全系统工程和人机工程原理建立的安全生产规章制度体系,一般将规章制度分为四类,隐患排查和治理制度属于安全生产规章制度的()类。
梁某陷入经商困境时,李某借给梁某60万元以助其渡过难关。双方没有约定还款期限和借款利息。1年后梁某生意好转,并将60万元还给李某。李认为梁应给些利息,而梁则不以为然。李就此事向法院起诉。对此,下列选项中正确的说法是()。
海关签发的“进出口货物征免税证明的有效期为()。
由x=zey+z确定z=z(x,y),则dz|(e,0)=_______.
In______withthenewregulations,allticketsmustbestamped.
最新回复
(
0
)