首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
As we all know, sleep deprivation can lead to exhaustion-fueled mistakes in the workplace, whether they be a simple typo in a qu
As we all know, sleep deprivation can lead to exhaustion-fueled mistakes in the workplace, whether they be a simple typo in a qu
admin
2012-06-10
28
问题
As we all know, sleep deprivation can lead to exhaustion-fueled mistakes in the workplace, whether they be a simple typo in a quarterly report or life-threatening errors while operating machinery. But according to two business school professors, it can make people more unethical too.
In a forthcoming paper in the Academy of Management Journal, highlighted recently in the Financial Times, Michael Christian of the University of North Carolina’s Kenan-Flagler Business School and Aleksander Ellis of the University of Arizona’s Eller College of Management studied sleep-deprived nurses and students who’d pulled all-nighters in a sleep lab. They found that a lack of sleep led not just to poor performance on tasks that require " innovative thinking, risk analysis, and strategic planning" —though studies have shown all those to be true—but also to increased deviant and unethical behavior in both groups. Examples included rudeness, inappropriate responses and attempts to take more money than they’d earned.
How does this happen? Christian and Ellis write that sleep deprivation results in lower brain functioning, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which contains the parts of the brain that control "executive" functions, such as inhibiting emotion and behavior. Sleep deprivation reduces the metabolism of glucose, which acts as brain food for these functions.
And why does this matter for leaders? In a global, always-on work world, responding to emails from the boss at midnight is considered normal and logging four hours of sleep a night to talk to colleagues in Bangalore is a regular occurrence. As a result, going without sleep has become a workplace badge of honor. Staying up all night to crunch on a deadline or taking red eye flights to meet clients on two continents in one day have replaced putting in a few hours on the weekend as evidence that you’re working hard.
The numbers the two professors cite in their paper are startling. According to the National Sleep Disorders Research Plan, sleep deprivation costs the U. S. economy some $150 billion annually in accidents and productivity losses. The percentage of Americans who sleep less than six hours a night has jumped from 13 percent to 20 percent between 1999 and 2009, according to the National Sleep Foundation.
The same group estimated that in 2009, one-third of Americans lost sleep thanks to financial distress. Who knows what that number is now.
Christian and Ellis show that sleep deprivation has worse effects than just the occasional mistake or error—rude behavior and deviance can cost organizations just as much, if not more. To help fight the problems of sleep deprivations, leaders should provide " sleep awareness training" (whatever that is) , monitor their workaholic cultures and provide more "restorative opportunities." And no, air traffic controllers, they’re not suggesting napping on the job. Just taking more frequent breaks.
The phrase " crunch on" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to
选项
A、impose.
B、set.
C、meet.
D、extend.
答案
C
解析
语义题。直接定位到第四段。该段讲述了一些超负荷工作影响睡眠的例子。再由短语所在句Staying up all night to crunch on a deadline“整夜不眠的目的是为了……最后期限”,各选项中只有meet a deadline“按期完成”符合上下文语境,故C为本题答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WCmK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Personalspace,anupdatedformofEdwardT.Hall’s1966proxemics,istheregionsurroundingeachperson,orthatareawhicha
AjuryhasfoundformerFrenchofficialMauriceMapontguiltyofcrimesagainsthumanityfor______.
Surprisinglyenough,modernhistorianshaverarelyinterestedthemselvesinthehistoryoftheAmericanSouthintheperiodbefo
Accordingtothenewsitem,manyCanadiansgatheredinMontreal
Ifyoufeeltiredallthetime,youdon’tnecessarilyneedtogotobedearlier.Thesolutioncouldbeassimpleastakingafiv
______humanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupsetthedelicatechemicalbalanceinthebrain.
WhichofthefollowingdidNOThappentotheoperahouse?
Thecradleofoverseatrafficandoftheartofnavalcombats,theMediterranean,thecommonofallmankind,makesatenderappe
Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.The
Duringthebigfireintheschool,Mantled______intogroupsandaskedeachgrouptocarrybucketsofwatertothrowantothe
随机试题
Therearesomeverygoodthingsaboutopeneducation.Thiswayofteachingallowsthestudentsto【36】theirowninterestsinmany
诊断肺结核的方法中最可靠的是
患儿,女,32周。早产小于胎龄儿,出生后出现哭声异常,阵发性发绀,肢体抖动,实验室检查:血糖1.7mmol/L,诊断为新生儿低血糖。输入葡萄糖时,主要的措施是
甲穿着貂皮大衣,戴着鹿帽,在漫天大雪的密林中弯腰拣拾蘑菇,乙打猎途经该地,以为甲是鹿而开枪射击,致甲死亡。关于本案下列说法正确的是()。
FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件不应由()制订的。
一般将储蓄随利率提高而增加的现象称为利率对储蓄的收入效应。()
地理教育学兼有社会科学与自然科学的性质,它是()范畴内的一门边缘性理论科学。
党的群众路线教育实践活动的主要内容是集中解决形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风的“四风”问题。()
A、 B、 C、 D、 D
()化妆品部()定价()不收费()超市用的购物小车
最新回复
(
0
)