首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
科学研究不应寻求绝对的普遍真理 ——2012年英译汉及详解 Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific en
科学研究不应寻求绝对的普遍真理 ——2012年英译汉及详解 Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific en
admin
2019-07-05
52
问题
科学研究不应寻求绝对的普遍真理
——2012年英译汉及详解
Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.
【F1】
In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.
It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.
This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.【F2】
Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.
Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered to be forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.【F3】
To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.
【F4】
The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits(particularly in word order)shared by many languages, which are considered torepresent biases that result from cognitive constraints.
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2, 000 languages.【F5】
Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.
Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.
【F2】
选项
答案
在这里,达尔文学说似乎做出了合理的解释,因为如果人类有着共同的起源,那么认为文化多样性也能追溯到更有限的起源似乎也是合理的了。
解析
本句考查的重点是:it作形式主语和宾语从句。 本句的主干是Darwinism seems to offer justification…。在主句中,to offer justification意为“为…提供证据,为…进行辩护”。在原因状语分句中,it为形式主语,可以不被译出。to suppose that…con—strained beginning是真正的主语,that引导的从句是宾语从句,作suppose的宾语。其中,be traced为被动语态。根据汉语表达中多使用主动语态的原则,翻译时需将被动语态转换为主动语态,并增译出“人们,大家”等泛指性主语。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WL9Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowistha
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowistha
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowistha
Throughoutthewholeperiodofone’slifetime,theachievingofhappinesscanbeseenasour【C1】______andeverlastinggoal.Happ
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobalwarmingremainsstrong.Thequestion,then,istow
Despitethescandalsoverleakede-mails,thescientificevidenceforglobalwarmingremainsstrong.Thequestion,then,istow
花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求——2013年英译汉及详解Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswhomadethem:theneedfor
花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求——2013年英译汉及详解Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswhomadethem:theneedfor
放慢生活节奏:怎样从里到外生活得更平和、更简单——2016年英译汉及详解Mentalhealthisourbirthright.【F1】Wedon’thavetolearnhowtobehealthy;itis
放慢生活节奏:怎样从里到外生活得更平和、更简单——2016年英译汉及详解Mentalhealthisourbirthright.【F1】Wedon’thavetolearnhowtobehealthy;itis
随机试题
以下哪几项为影响配位平衡的主要因素()。
简述我国历次行政管理机构改革的经验。
当病人血清中抗-HBs(表面抗原抗体)、抗-HBe(e抗原抗体)、抗-HBc(核心抗原抗体)阳性,其他乙型肝炎血清学指标阴性时,应考虑属于
牛,3岁,近几月发现发情周期缩短,发情持续时间长且呈现强烈的发情行为,外阴红肿,黏液增多,直肠检查卵巢的最大变化是
新生儿期计划免疫应接种的疫苗是
在保险分类中,按照保险标的的性质不同,可分为()。[2005年考试真题]
下列项目中,应计入存货成本的有()。
下列规范性文件中,属于规章的有()。
下列对联与其赞颂的人物对应错误的是:
Breastfeeding(母乳喂养)foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman’sriskofgettingdiabetes(糖病)laterinlife,accordingtoan
最新回复
(
0
)