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  3. The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good example of a popular technology’s unforeseen si

The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good example of a popular technology’s unforeseen si

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问题     The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good example of a popular technology’s unforeseen side effects. More than one billion are (1)_____ use around the world, and when asked, their (2)_____ say they love their phones for the safety and convenience (3)_____ provide. People also report that they are (4)_____ in their use of their phones. One opinion survey (5)_____ that "98 percent of Americans say they move away from (6)_____ when talking on a wireless phone in public" (7)_____ "86 percent say they ’never’ or ’rarely’ speak (8)_____ wireless phones" when conducting (9)_____ with clerks or bank tellers. Clearly, there exists a (10)_____ between our reported cellphone behavior and our actual behavior.
    Cellphone users that is to say, most of us are (11)_____ instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it (12)_____ a cumulatively negative effect on social space. As the sociologist Erving Guttmann observed in another (13)_____, there is something deeply disturbing about people who are" (14)_____ contact" in social situations because they are blatantly refusing to (15)_____ to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cellphone call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you (16)_____ unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public (17)_____. a decidedly undemocratic effect for so democratic a technology. Listeners don’t always passively (18)_____ this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-sprayed in movie theaters, (19)_____ from concert halls and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of (20)_____ behavior on their cellphones.

选项 A、has
B、had
C、has had
D、had had
答案C
解析 本题的考点为时态的辨析，it has had a cumulatively negative effect on social space它已经对社会空间产生了累积性的负面影响。根据上下文，此处应该用现在完成时态，故has had为正确答案。
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