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Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent l

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问题     Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have replaced the dropouts’ loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 22000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
    The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
    Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D. "The results of our research," Dr. Tucker concluded, "did not support these opinions."
    1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.
    2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties.
    3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
    Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. ’ s program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent.
    As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $20000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ’ s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ’ s income in the $7500 to $15000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
    As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.________.
选项 A、is the most frequent reason for dropping out
B、is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate
C、is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs
D、does not vary in difficulty among universities
答案C
解析 细节题。题目问的是博士生应达到外语要求的水平造成了什么影响?文章第五段提到：“约75％的退学者说，他们决定退学并不是出于学术的原因，而出于学术原因的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试，难以完成研究，难以通过外语考试。”由此可知，外语是博士生课程的基本组成部分。与选项C“博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分”意思相符。A“它是辍学最频繁的原因”，B“它对理科博士生比文科博士生更难”，D“它在大学中的难度没有变化”这三项文章没有提到，故选C。
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