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  3. (46)Based on accumulated social research, there now can be little doubt that successful and well-adjusted children in modem soci

(46)Based on accumulated social research, there now can be little doubt that successful and well-adjusted children in modem soci

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问题     (46)Based on accumulated social research, there now can be little doubt that successful and well-adjusted children in modem societies are most likely to come from two-parent families consisting of the biological father and mother. Alternative family forms which are attempted, such as single parent and stepfamilies, have been demonstrated to be inferior in child outcomes. The recent movement away from the two-natural-parent family has led to considerable social malaise among the young, not to mention social decay in general.
    (47)It can be argued that child well-being would be enhanced if families live among care giving relatives and in supportive communities, but this has become an ever-diminishing situation. Historically, a substantial stripping down has occurred of both the extended family and the cohesive neighborhood, and this trend is probably irreversible. The state has tried to fill the vacuum, but without much success. The two-parent nuclear family there may be more important today for children, and for society in general, than ever before in history.
    Constituting one of the greatest dilemmas faced by modem societies, however, is the fact that nuclear family themselves are breaking apart at dramatically high rates. (48)The chances in some societies are now less than 50 to 50, thanks mainly to divorce, that a child will live continuously to adulthood with both natural parents. This is despite the fact that, unlike in times past, parents now almost always live to see their children reach maturity.
    One fundamental reason for the high break-up rate is that the nature of marriage has changed. Not so long ago marriage was an economic bond of mutual dependency, a social bond heavily upheld by extended families. Today, marriage is none of these. (49)The economic bond has become displaced by wealth, by female economic pursuit, and by state support; extended family pressures on marriages have all but disappeared, and modem societies have become increasingly unconcerned with religion. Marriage has become a purely individual pursuit, an implied and not very enforceable contract between two people; a relationship designed to satisfy basic needs for intimacy, dependency and sex. When these needs change, or when a presumptively better partner is discovered, marriage is easily dissolved. Moreover, more of the everyday needs, traditionally met by marriage can be met in other ways, such as through the marketplace.
    (50)With its surrounding and supporting social structures collapsing, can there be any hope that the nuclear family can be revived? Yes, the basis for hope lies in the fundamental biological and psychological makeup of human kind. If the evolutionary biologists are correct, human beings are a pair-bonding species.

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答案在一些社会中，主要由于离婚的发生，孩子和生身父母一起持续生活到成年的可能性少于一半。
解析 本句是复合句，句子主干结构是The chances are now less than 50 to 50。句中介词短语thanks mainly to divorce作句子的状语；that a child will live continuously to adulthood with both natural parents是chances的同位语。chance在句中意为"可能性"；natural parents意为"生身父母"。
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