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  3. If life expectancy were a marathon, you could say that the United States is fading from the pack. Al though everyone is living l

If life expectancy were a marathon, you could say that the United States is fading from the pack. Al though everyone is living l

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问题    If life expectancy were a marathon, you could say that the United States is fading from the pack. Al though everyone is living longer, the inhabitants of other industrialized nations have made more dramatic strides in life expectancy than Americans have. Australian men gained an extra six years between 1980 and 2001; Japanese women, 6.1% years. The result: Americans, once on a par with countries such as Italy and New Zealand—in the middle of the pack--now rank below Spain and Greece, near the end.
   On the face of it, this should not be happening.
     Healthier nations are usually wealthier nations. The United States is the third richest of the 30 developed nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), after Luxembourg and Norway. But it now ranks 22nd in life expectancy—down from 12th for women and 18th for men in 1980.
     Could the problem be inadequate healthcare spending?
     No. The US spends $1 of every $7 of its gross domestic product on healthcare—far more than any other OECD nation, which typically devotes less than $1 in $10 of GDP to the sector. Per person, that works out to an extra $1,800 compared with the Swiss or $2,300 compared with the Canadians, even though both those groups live longer than Americans.
     So what’s at work?
     One factor could be diet, according to a new study on longevity by Alicia Munnell, director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, and two students, Robert Hatch and James Lee①. Americans have been getting fatter, and physicians maintain that putting on weight often shrinks a person’s life span.
     On the positive side, US alcohol and tobacco consumption is more moderate than the OECD average.
     Another factor holding back longevity: poverty. The quarter to a third of Americans with low incomes often have less money than the same low-income groups in several other rich countries, points out Mr. Burt less.
     A third factor—inequality—worsens the problem. The most prosperous 10 percent of Americans receive 17 times as much income as those in the bottom 10 percent. In countries with high life expectancies among those at 65—such as Japan, Sweden, and Norway—the top 10 percent makes only five times as much in come as those in the bottom, Professor Munnell says.
     The US also struggles with inequality in healthcare. While most rich nations have universal coverage, 45 million in the US did not have health insurance last year, according to census statistics—a rise of 5.2 million since the year of 2000②. Millions more have insurance only part of the year.
      Many of those without health insurance tend to postpone medical care for chronic problems, though they may go to hospital emergency facilities in a crisis.
     Thus, a better predicator of life expectancy than GDP may be the average GDP for the bottom 40 per cent of the population, notes the Boston College study. Here the US falls in the middle of the pack of rich countries, rather than at the top.
What is the passage mainly concerned about?
选项 A、It reveals that inequality in America in the field of healthcare.
B、American people’s attitudes toward their health.
C、It tells us the healthcare conditions in America.
D、Why the Americans have not made more dramatic strides in life expectancy.
答案D
解析 主旨题。文章主要分析了与其他发达工业国家相比，美国在提高预期寿命方面为什么未能取得重大进步。从饮食、医疗经费、贫困、不公等方面进行论述。选项A 只是文章中论述美国落后的一个因素，而不是全文重心；选项C 文章提及了与其他国家相比美国的健康状况，但重心是在探讨产生这种情况的原因；选项B 也只是在谈论贫富差距作为一个原因，并提到了没有医保的人会推迟治疗慢性病，一带而过；只有选项D 为正确答案。
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