首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The History of American Indians When Europeans discovered the Western hemisphere, they discovered a race of people. 【1】____ call
The History of American Indians When Europeans discovered the Western hemisphere, they discovered a race of people. 【1】____ call
admin
2013-02-04
60
问题
The History of American Indians
When Europeans discovered the Western hemisphere, they discovered a race of people.
【1】____ called them Indians. 【1】______.
I shall have something to say about their【2】________ and early history, 【2】______.
the【3】________ for them of European settlement in the New World, the part
they have played in American history, 【3】______.
their number, distribution and condition today. Most scholars believe that
the homeland of the Indians was eastern Asia.
They migrate to North America along a land【4】________ from Siberia to Alaska. 【4】______.
The Indians were a【5】________ people. 【5】______.
They lived in【6】________, spoke many languages, and gained their living in
different ways. 【6】______.
【7】________ revolutionized their hunting and warfare. 【7】______.
Whiskey corrupted them.【8】________ changed the lives of some Indians. 【8】______.
The Indians were under pressure to take【9】________ in the great French and
British War of the eighteen century. 【9】______.
The Indians made many efforts to
prevent the advance of the frontier. In【10】________. 【10】________.
a great uprising against the British began under a Michigan Indian leader.
【6】
The History of American Indians
Today I am going to speak about American Indians. When Europeans discovered the western hemisphere they discovered a race of people unlike any they had known. Columbus called them Indians because he thought that he had reached the East Indies. He took a few of them back to Spain with him to exhibit at the royal court. It was as if the first Americans to land on the moon had discovered a race of moon men and had brought some of them back to earth to show its residents and others. We can imagine the excitement if the moon men were scheduled to visit the campus of our university.
Although Indians, or red men, as they came to be called also, were widely distributed in North, Central and South America when Europeans first arrived, I shall be concerned in this talk mostly with those in the region that is now the United States. I shall have something to say about their origin and early history, the consequences for them of European settlement in the New World, the part they have played in the history of the United States, and their number, distribution and condition today.
Where did the Indians come from? How did they get to America? When did they come? How many were living in what is now the United States when Europeans made their first contacts? None of these questions can be answered as clearly as we would wish, but many scholars have dealt with them and we can f’md tentative answers. Most scholars believe that the homeland of the Indians was Eastern Asia and they migrated to North America along a land bridge from Siberia to Alaska.
The migrations may have begun 25 000 years ago, or even before that. They probably went on for a very long time, and the Indians gradually scattered over vast areas. Thus when Europeans arrived, the Indians were very old residents, living in many regions. Perhaps a million were living in the area of the United States when the white men came. In all of New England, where the pilgrims began their settlement in 1620, there were then probably fewer than 20 000 Indians.
The Indians were a diverse people. They lived in hundreds of tribes. They spoke many languages. They lived under many different conditions. They gained their living in different ways. Some Indians did considerable farming; others did none at all, Some developed a way of life that depended on the buffalo that ranged the prairies and plains by the millions; others never saw a buffalo. Their dwellings were different. Indians of the northeast who lived in wigwams made of trees and barks would have been surprised to see the buffalo-skin teepees on the plains, or the cliff dwellings of the southwest. Tribal wars were carried on long before the coming of the white men. Every tribe lived close to nature and adapted to it, had its own myths, ceremonies and religious beliefs.
Then came the white men. The white men had many things that the red men soon developed a desire for, ornaments, knives, guns, utensils, blankets, cloth, horse, whiskey. The red men had what the white men wanted, land, furs, and military power. Some white men both in the colonies and in Europe believed that it was the duty of Christians to bring Christianity to the Indians. It was thus inevitable that there should be many contacts between the two races.
These contacts had tremendous consequences for the Indians. Guns revolutionized their hunting and warfare. Whiskey corrupted them. Christianity changed the lives of some Indians and brought conflict within tribes. The introduction of the horse by the Spanish changed the way of life of Indians in the west. The steady increase in the numbers of whites resulted in pressure being brought on the Indians to sell part of their lands and to move westward, to get out of the way of the white settlement. The Indians were under pressure also to take sides in the wars between European powers in America.
For example, in the great French and British War of the eighteenth century (known as the Seven Years War) many Indians fought with the French in America and many others with the British. In one famous battle, which history records as a victory for the French over the British, most of the fighters on the French side were Indians. With the coming of large numbers of Europeans to America, life for the Indians could never be again what it had been before Columbus. The culture shock for them was very great indeed.
The Indians made many efforts to prevent the advance of the frontier. Their attacks almost wiped out the early Virginia settlements. Isolated frontiersmen often found themselves in danger. In 1763 a great uprising against the British began under Pontiac, a Michigan Indian leader. Before the uprising was put down, the Indians had captured several British forts and had brought terror to the frontier. During the American Revolution many Indians sided with the British and caused much trouble for Americans on the frontiers.
选项
答案
tribes
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WZaO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheoriginalAmericanflagcontains13horizontalstripesand13whitestarsarranged______tosymbolizeunityandequalityof
IntheAgeofGenetics,younolongerhavetotrytocutoutsmokingorthinktwiceaboutgobblingthatcandybarinyourdeskd
Afullmoonwasshiningdownonthejungle.AccompaniedonlybyanIndianguide,theAmericanexplorerandarchaeologistEdward
TherighttopursuehappinessisissuedtoAmericanswiththeirbirthcertificates,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayitran
EducationalValuesLifeisratherhecticforstudentsduringthefirstweekatNorthAmericanuniversities.However,students
Duringthefirst70yearsofthe20thcentury,inequalitydeclinedandAmericansprosperedtogether.Overthelast30years,by
好的科普读物应该在知识的传递之外,贯穿这样几个重点。首先是做人。爱因斯坦说过“伟大的科学家的成就往往还不如其人格魅力对世界的贡献大”。科学家追求真理、探索未知都是非功利的,特别是搞基础科堂的,可能一辈子默默无闻,他们凭的是信念。其次,恰恰是非功利的追求带给
Parentsandgrandparentswithmoneytosparearenolongerwaitinguntildeathtopassontheirwealth.Instead,they’reincreas
随机试题
行政管理方法的地位与作用?
Excel2000的数据排序中,允许用户最多指定______个关键字。
关于体内药量变化的时间过程,下列叙述错误的是
某中级人民法院在审理戴某等5人盗窃案件时,当法院宣告戴某死刑时,作为被告人戴某父亲的毛某及其他人等哭闹并冲进法庭,使法庭审判无法继续。当被告人戴某被强行带出法庭后,毛某等人在法院大门口继续吵闹,阻拦囚车出门,并几次冲击法院大门,而且用雨伞殴打维持秩序的司法
可疑类贷款是指借款人的还款能力出现明显问题,完全依靠其正常营业收入无法足额偿还贷款利息,及时执行担保,也可能会造成一定损失。()
已知向量组α1=(3,1,1),α2=(1,-1,3),α3=(0,2,-4),α4=(2,-1,4),则向量组的秩为()。
(2009下集管)F公司成功中标S市的电子政务工程。F公司的项目经理李工组织相关人员对该项目的工作进行了分解,并参考以前曾经成功实施的W市电子政务工程项目,估算该项目的工作量为120人月,计划工期为6个月。项目开始不久,为便于应对突发事件,经业主与F公司协
在面向对象模型中常用的有两种继承,即单继承与【】。
MustthePoorGoHungryJustSotheRichCanDrive?SportsstarslikeMoFarahwillnotchangeasimplefact:peoplearesta
A、TaughtherEnglishherself.B、Wenttotalkwithherteacher.C、Signedupforalanguagetrainingclassforher.D、Talkedwith
最新回复
(
0
)