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  3. In eighteenth-century France and England, reformers rallied around egalitarian ideals, but few reformers advocated higher educat

In eighteenth-century France and England, reformers rallied around egalitarian ideals, but few reformers advocated higher educat

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问题     In eighteenth-century France and England, reformers rallied around egalitarian ideals, but few reformers advocated higher education for women. Although the public decried women’s lack of education, it did not encourage learning for its own sake for women. In spite of the general prejudice against learned women, there was one place where women could exhibit their erudition: the literary salon. Many writers have defined the woman’s role in the salon as that of an intelligent hostess, but the salon had more than a social function for women. It was an informal university, too, where women exchanged ideas with educated persons, read their own works and heard those of others, and received and gave criticism.
    In the 1750s, when salons were firmly established in France, some English women, who called themselves " Bluestocking," followed the example of the salonnieres (French salon hostesses) and formed their own salons. Most Bluestockings did not wish to mirror the salonnieres; they simply desired to adapt a proven formula to their own purpose—the elevation of women’s status through moral and intellectual training. Differences in social orientation and background can account perhaps for differences in the nature of French and English salons. The French salon incorporated aristocratic attitudes that exalted courtly pleasure and emphasized artistic accomplishments. The English Bluestockings, originating from a more modest background, emphasized learning and work over pleasure. Accustomed to the regimented life of court circles, salonnieres tended toward formality in their salons. The English women, though somewhat puritanical, were more casual in their approach.
    At first, the Bluestockings did imitate the salonnieres by including men in their circles. However, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. In an atmosphere of mutual support, the Bluestockings went beyond the salon experience. They traveled, studied, worked, wrote for publication, and by their activities challenged the stereotype of the passive woman. Although the salonnieres were aware of sexual inequality, the narrow boundaries of their world kept their intellectual pursuits within conventional limits. Many salonnieres, in fact, camouflaged their nontraditional activities behind the role of hostess and deferred to men in public
    Though the Bluestockings were trailblazers when compared with the salonnieres, they were not feminists. They were too traditional, too hemmed in by their generation to demand social and political rights. Nonetheless, in their desire for education, their willingness to go beyond the confines of the salon in pursuing their interests, and their championing of unity among women, the Bluestockings began the process of questioning women’s role in society.  
Which of the following statements is most compatible with the principles of the salonnieres as described in the passage?
选项 A、Women should aspire to be not only educated but independent as well.
B、The duty of the educated women is to provide an active political model for less educated women.
C、Devotion to pleasure and art is justified in itself.
D、Substance, rather than form, is the most important consideration in holding a literary salon.
答案C
解析 细节题。题干询问法国沙龙女的原则。第二段第四句话指出，法国沙龙体现出贵族的态度,崇尚宫廷优雅享受，并注重艺术造诣。接着讲到，法国沙龙习惯了贵族的受管制生活，意识倾向于沙龙的形式性。实际上，许多沙龙女会将她们非传统的活动隐藏到在女主角色之后，在公共场所顺从男性。因此只有C项“对享受和艺术的献身本身就是正确的”与法国沙龙女的原则一致。
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