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  3. Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical de

Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical de

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问题     Science fiction has a tendency to become science fact. Something like Hal, the on-board spaceship computer capable of ethical decision making and intelligence in Arthur Clarke’s 2001: A space Odyssey, is being discussed seriously in modern artificial-intelligence(AI)laboratories.【F1】That is not to say that computers will evolve exactly as Clarke envisioned, any more than propulsion systems developed in the way Jules Verne imagined three-quarters of a century before a rocked sent a spaceship to the moon.【F2】However, computer scientists are developing systems that come very close to mimicking parts of human cognition; it seems plausible that something like Hal will be around before you depart from this earth.
    【F3】Computerized cognition, or artificial intelligence(AI), as it is often called, is broadly defined as that branch of computer science that deals with the development of computers(hardware)and computer programs(software)that emulate human cognitive functions. Cognition involves perception, memory, thinking, language processing and many other related functions which are carried out in a more or less exact way. You can, for example, see and recognize your friend’s face; compose a sensible poem set in iambic pentameter; mentally calculate the most direct route from your home to the college, and distinguish sour milk from fresh milk. We do things like this every day with no effort. We also do a lot of foolish things, such as put shampoo on our toothbrush. We are human—and that’s a problem for computers, being perfect machines that never make a mistake, "computer errors" notwithstanding.
    If a computer could simulate human thought and actions precisely, then it would be as good as we are in doing the list of things mentioned earlier, but also be just as fallible as we are.【F4】It is important to recognize the distinction between those who want to write programs that will perform human tasks well, such as the program we are presently using that draws a squiggly red line under misspelled words and those who aim to clone human thought. Computers and their impressive programs have become such an indispensible part of our everyday life that we wonder how we got along without them—still, they aren’t clever enough to shampoo with toothpaste.
    When we discuss AI, it is usually intertwined with Cognitive psychology and neuroscience.【F5】Ideas from one field, for example, neuroscience, might be incorporated into another, for example, artificial intelligence, and yet other ideas from cognitive psychology might be applied to both other areas. All three—AI, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience(especially neuroscience)—build a platform for cognitive science.
【F5】
选项
答案一个领域的思想可能被借鉴到另一个领域，如神经科学领域的思想可能被沿用到人工智能领域，然而来自于认知心理学的其他思想被应用到神经科学和人工智能这两个领域均可。
解析 本题考点是插入语结构和词义确定。该句结构简单，句子主干是“Ideas ...might be in-corporated into another, ..., and yet other ideas... might be applied to ... areas.”，本句虽然没有长难的从句，但是前句插入语繁杂；后句中的指代关系翻译起来有一定的难度。更值得注意的是，本句中多义词较多，翻译是应多加注意。
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