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  3. Divorce doesn’t necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might do, a

Divorce doesn’t necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might do, a

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问题     Divorce doesn’t necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might do, a new study says.
    The research identified happy and unhappy spouses, culled(选出)from a national database. Of the unhappy partners who divorced, about half were happy five years later. But unhappy spouses who stuck it out often did better. About two-thirds were happy five years later. Study results contradict what seems to be common sense, says David Blankenhorn of the Institute for American Values, a think-tank on the family. The institute helped sponsor the research team based at the University of Chicago. Findings will be presented in Arlington, Va., at the "Smart Marriage" conference, sponsored by the Coalition for Marriage, Families and Couples Education.
    The study looked at data on 5,232 married adults from the National Survey of Families and Households. It included 645 who were unhappy. The adults in the national sample were analyzed through 13 measures of psychological well-being. Within the five years, 167 of the unhappy were divorced or separated and 478 stayed married.
    Divorce didn’t reduce symptoms of depression, raise self-esteem or increase a sense of mastery compared with those who stayed married, the report says. Results were controlled for factors including race, age, gender and income. Staying married did not tend to trap unhappy spouses in violent relationships. What helped the unhappy married turn things around? To supplement the formal study data, the research team asked professional firms to recruit focus groups totaling 55 adults who were "marriage survivors". All had moved from unhappy to happy marriages. These 55 once-discontented married felt their unions got better via one of three routes, the report says:
    Marital endurance. "With time, job situations improved, children got older or better, or chronic ongoing problems got put into new perspective." Partners did not work on their marriages.
    Marital work. Spouses actively worked "to solve problems, change behavior or improve communication".
    Personal change. Partners found "alternative ways to improve their own happiness and build a good and happy life despite a mediocre marriage." In effect, the unhappy partner changed.
The author’s attitude towards divorce may best be described as "_____".
选项 A、critical
B、impersonal
C、arbitrary
D、scornful
答案B
解析 首段的结构就像新闻报道的结构，将信息的来源放在了段末，指出本文将要介绍一项新研究的结果，其他段落的首句都含有research，study或report等词，表明本文作者只是客观地转述研究的过程和结果，没有发表自己的见解，因此B正确。虽然本文显示，在遇到不快乐的婚姻的时候，离婚并不一定使人快乐。但不能因此说作者对离婚抱着“批评”或“讽刺”的态度，因为本文主要介绍了一项研究及其结果。因此A和D都不正确；作者引用了研究中的很多数据，而且客观地陈述了研究的结果，对divorce的任何评价都来自于那项研究，并没有武断地妄下结论，因此C也不正确。
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