首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. I
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. I
admin
2015-12-01
73
问题
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely. But a study by Sarach Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods(are much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group-living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems for the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys______.
选项
A、prefer grapes to cucumbers
B、can be taught to exchange things
C、will not be co-operative if feeling cheated
D、are unhappy when separated from other
答案
C
解析
本题可参照文章的第3、4段。从中可知,两位研究人员花了两年时间教猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下,猴子们非常乐意用石块换取黄瓜片;然而,当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的猴舍时,每只猴子就都可能观察另一个猴子在用石块换取什么,它们的行为就变得明显不同。当研究人员递给一只猴子一颗葡萄以换取它的代币时,另一只猴子就不情愿拿它的代币只换取一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子不用交换代币就能获得一颗葡萄,那么另一只猴子要么把它的代币掷给研究人员,要么把代币扔出室外,要么拒绝接受那片黄瓜。由此可知:当猴子觉得受骗时,它们就不会同研究人员合作。C项与文章的意思相符。因此C项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WoGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Accordingtoonesurveyof12,000people,about30percentofthosemakingNewYear’sresolutionssaytheydon’tevenkeepthem
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenis
Youmighthavetogobacktotheinitialepochprintingpresstofindapublishingtechnologyasdisruptive.Theinternetcanre
Youmighthavetogobacktotheinitialepochprintingpresstofindapublishingtechnologyasdisruptive.Theinternetcanre
Ihavealwaysdislikedbeingaman.21.ThewholeideaofmanhoodinAmericaispitiful,inmyopinion.Eventheexpression"Be
Ihavealwaysdislikedbeingaman.21.ThewholeideaofmanhoodinAmericaispitiful,inmyopinion.Eventheexpression"Be
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungpeoplearenot【61】theywere.Thesamecommentis【62】fromgenerationtogenerationa
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungpeoplearenot【61】theywere.Thesamecommentis【62】fromgenerationtogenerationa
(复旦大学2009年试题)Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth;Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackade
Hedidnottellhisparentsbecauseheknewtheywouldtrytochangehismindbuthe______inacolleagueatwork.
随机试题
下列哪项不是膜性肾病的特点
现金流量表可以用来进行房地产开发项目的()分析。
业主对工程项目的管理是()。
资本项目一般分为()。
下列各项中,事业单位会计期末应结转计入“事业结余”的是()。
甲企业与乙企业共同使用面积为10000平方米的土地,甲企业使用其中的60%,乙企业使用其中的40%。除此之外,经有关部门的批准,乙企业在2017年1月份新征用耕地6000平方米。甲、乙企业共同使用土地所处地段的城镇土地使用税年税额为4元/米2,乙企业新征用
下列不属于组织帮助和指导员工寻找职业锚的步骤的是()。
ExpertspredictthatChina’shealthcaremarketwillhaveanannualgrowthof6to8percentinthenextfewyears,makingiton
Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyques
Lotsofemptybootswerefoundundertheoldman’sbed.Hemusthavedonenothingbut_____.
最新回复
(
0
)