首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplast
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplast
admin
2015-07-13
26
问题
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. But until recently, they didn’t know what causes gray matter to become plastic, to begin changing. Breakthrough research by a team at MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory has documented one type of environmental feedback that triggers plas-ticity: success. Equally important and somewhat surprising: Its opposite, failure, has no impact.
Earl Miller, the lead researcher on the study, says understanding the link to environmental feedback is crucial to improving how people teach and motivate because it’s a big part of how we learn. But we absorb more from success than from failure, according to the study.
Miller’s researchers gave monkeys a simple learning task: They presented one of two pictures. If it was Picture A, the monkeys were supposed to look to the left; if Picture B, to the right. When the monkeys looked in the correct direction, they were rewarded with a drop of juice. All the while the team recorded brain function.
"Neurons (cells specialized to conduct nerve impulses) in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, where the brain tracks success and failure, sharpened their tuning after success," says Miller. What’s more, those changes lingered for several seconds, making brain activity more efficient the next time the monkey did the task. Thereafter, each success was processed more efficiently. That is, the monkey had learned. "But after failure," Miller points out, "there was little change in brain activity." In other words, the brain didn’t store any information about what went wrong and use it the next time. The monkey just tried, tried again.
Miller says this means that on a neurological level, success is actually a lot more informative than failure. If you get a reward, the brain remembers what it did right. But with failure (unless there is a clear negative consequence, like the shock a child feels when she sticks something in an electrical outlet), the brain isn’t sure what to store, so it doesn’t change at all.
Does this research confirm the management tenet of focusing on your—and your team’s—strengths and successes? Miller cautions against making too tidy a connection between his findings and an environment like the workplace, but he offers this suggestion: "Maybe the lesson is to know that the brain will learn from success, and you don’t need to dwell on that. You need to pay more attention to failures and challenge why you fail."
During the experiment each failure made the monkey _____.
选项
A、repeat the task fruitlessly
B、realize the right way to do the task
C、give up trying eventually
D、become more efficient and closer to success
答案
A
解析
细节理解题。由第四段最后两句得知猴子的大脑根本不存储失败的信息以备下次参照,只是一次又一次地尝试。这样的尝试,当然包括“无效的重复”,故A项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Wr74777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Intalksaboutreducingthenation’sexplodinghealthcarecosts,theword"rationing"strikesfearintotheheartsofbothpati
Thisweek,some27,000freshlypublishedresearcharticleswillpourintotheWebofScience,avastonlinedatabaseofscientif
Ifthereisanyendeavourwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavourissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,
Comparedwithothermodesoftransport,traintechnologymightseemtobeprogressingasslowlyasasuburbancommuterservicer
Thedifferencesinlivingstandardsaroundtheworldarevast.In1993,theaverageAmericanhadanincomeofabout$25,000.In
[A]Whattodoasastudent?[B]Variousdefinitionsofplagiarism.[C]Ideasshouldalwaysbesourced.[D]Ignorancecanbeforgive
[A]Whattodoasastudent?[B]Variousdefinitionsofplagiarism.[C]Ideasshouldalwaysbesourced.[D]Ignorancecanbeforgive
Researchersarefindingthatboysandgirlsreallyarefromtwodifferentplanets.Boysandgirlshavedifferent"crisispoints"
Thesummer’smosttalkedaboutworkingpaperineconomicsisbyRobertGordon,anditissimplytitled"IsUSEconomicGrowthOv
Youwrinkleyournoseandnarrowyoureyelidsifyouseeadeadratintheroad,butyouopenyoureyesandmouthwideifyouse
随机试题
患者男,30岁,农民,神志不清,呼吸急促,肤色发绀,口角渗出大量血性泡沫状分泌物。体检:体温39.8℃,血压80/56mmHg,心率120次/分,皮肤黏膜多处可见淤斑,右侧腹股沟淋巴结肿大并破溃,触之坚硬,与周围组织粘连。肺部闻及少量哕音。该患者最
Amoderncityshouldprovideanenvironmentin________informationflowsrapidlyandeasily.
具有敛肺止咳作用的药物大多是何种药味
A.红细胞游离原卟啉B.血清铁<10.74μmol/L(<60μg/dl)C.红细胞数和血红蛋白量减低D.血清铁蛋白<12μg/LE.骨髓象提示增生性贫血缺铁性贫血期的实验室检查的特征性指标
对化脓性脑膜炎患儿的处理,正确的是()。
一般来说,任何国家和地区都有着相当数量的军事爱好者或发烧友,这是一种无可非议的常态。但如果这种对军事的热情,从军事发烧友较大规模地___________到民间,并在民间形成一股对军事的热情,人们就需要___________对待了。填入划横线部分最恰当的一项
阅读障碍是青少年在校期间容易爆发的一种心理问题,表现为无法专心阅读,在阅读的过程中很关注自己是否能读得懂或理解句子的意思。实际上,阅读障碍是一种()。
提出了教师成长公式“经验+反思=成长”的人是()。
看书时,用红色笔画出重点是利用知觉的()。
WhatgaverisetotheattackinamosqueinEdostateaccordingtothenews?
最新回复
(
0
)