首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Computer Crime A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purp
Computer Crime A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purp
admin
2011-01-01
45
问题
Computer Crime
A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesn’t mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement (盗用)of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism (破坏行为), sabotage (阴谋破坏), and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered.
Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the last twelve years. The British Crime Survey in 2002 and 2003 showed that 18% of households with internet access said their home computer had been affected by a virus. This had increased to 27% in 2003 and 2004. One-third said the virus had damaged their computer. The biennial Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Security Breaches survey reports that 62% of UK businesses had a computer security incident in the 2006. These statistics may underestimate the real situation as many organizations or individuals may be unaware that the security of their computer has been compromised. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $3 billion to $5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decline of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (A) more computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (B) more computers tied together in satellite and other data-transmission networks; and (C) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases.
The criminal
Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage "hackers"—brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble. But a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i. e., an "insider".
Targets of computer crime
Some attacks do not have a specific target. However, attacks against specific computers or groups of computers are becoming more common. Home computer users, organizations with large networks of computers, or entire infrastructures may be targeted. Attackers using computers may also attempt to damage the functioning of the Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) which includes emergency services, telecommunications, energy distribution and finance, all of which rely on IT. Many CNI systems which were once isolated are now connected to the internet, increasing their vulnerability.
There has been speculation over the prospect of terrorists using electronic attacks to target computer systems and networks. According to the National Infrastructure Security Coordination Centre (NISCC) , the probability of terrorists carrying out an electronic attack against the CNI is currently low compared with other risks such as using explosive devices.
Difficulty of detection and prevention
Given the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is.
First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it.
Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for "weapons" or fingerprints does not occur as it might in the investigation of more conventional crimes.
Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a room filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the company’s work or committing a criminal act?
Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the computer’s capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as Los Angeles, police departments have set up specially trained computer crime units.
But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys, judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computer’s potential for misuse.
After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the public will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities because they rely heavily on customer trust.
To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases do go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or light sentence because the judge or jury isn’t fully trained to understand the nature and seriousness of the crime.
Not all companies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when the company discovered that one of its computer technicians had embezzled $200,000 by entering false benefit claims, it presented its findings to the state’s attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misuse, but also for grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a policy of reporting all incidents of theft or fraud, no matter how small.
Criminals have adapted the advancements of computer technology to further their own illegal activities. Unfortunately, their actions have far out-paced the ability of police to respond effectively. Protocols must be developed for law enforcement that addresses the various categories of computer crime. Investigators must know the materials to search and seize, the electronic evidence to recover, and the chain of custody to maintain. Without question, law enforcement must be better prepared to deal with the many aspects of computer-related crimes and the techno-criminals who commit them.
Which of the following is NOT the target of computer crime?
选项
A、Family computers.
B、Computers without networks.
C、Computer infrastructures.
D、Computers with large networks in companies.
答案
B
解析
根据题干关键词target,computer crime定位到原文Targets of computer crime下第一段第三句: Home computer users,organizations with large networks of computers, or entire infrastructures may be targeted. 该句提到计算机犯罪的目标有三个:Home computer users, organizations with large networks of computers, entire infrastructures。B)项是未联网电脑,文中未提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Wyy7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Hardlyaweekgoesbywithoutsomeadvanceintechnologythatwouldhaveseemedincredible50yearsago.Andwecanexpectther
Theuseofnuclearpowerhasalreadyspreadallovertheworld.【C1】______,scientistsstillhavenotagreed【C2】______Whatshould
ComputerCrimeAcomputercrimeisgenerallydefinedasonethatinvolvestheuseofcomputersandsoftwareforillegalpurp
ComputerCrimeAcomputercrimeisgenerallydefinedasonethatinvolvestheuseofcomputersandsoftwareforillegalpurp
A、Hetookatourofthecity.B、Hereadaboutit.C、Hewroteanarticleaboutit.D、Heworkedthereasaguide.B
Moviemakersfearedforawhilethattheymightbeputoutofbusinessbytelevision.Recently,【C1】______,moreandmorepeople
A、Atthedepartmentstore.B、Attheoffice.C、Intherestaurant.D、Inthedrugstore.C综合推断题。对话中的Hereisthemenu.Wouldyoulik
AthleteswithadifferentkindandlevelofdisabilityarecompetingattheParalympicGames.Whereassomesportsare【S1】______t
AthleteswithadifferentkindandlevelofdisabilityarecompetingattheParalympicGames.Whereassomesportsare【S1】______t
Toraisewages______(意味着增加购买力).
随机试题
在图的邻接表存储结构上执行深度优先搜索遍历类似于二叉树上的()
Notuntilmanyyearslater______known.
脑卒中患者,右侧肢体偏瘫伴言语功能障碍,言语功能检查示:言语欠流利,语量稀少,复述不佳,有明显的语调障碍,朗读困难,书写异常,该患者的失语类型是
在全国重点文物保护单位的保护范围内进行其他建设工程或者爆破、钻探、挖掘等作业的,必须经( )批准,在批准前应当征得国务院文物行政部门同意。
衡量中心地重要性,确定其等级的指标是()。
某公司在开展工作岗位评价过程中,拟采取概率加权法制定评价指标权重标准,即对各类评价指标的权重系数进行设计,以甲岗位为例,其评价指标(E)及其各指标分值(P)、相对权数(A)、概率权数(X)和指标的评分(PX),如表1各纵栏所示。请根据表1中已知
按皮亚杰的观点2~7岁儿童的思维处于()
从某种意义上来说,大脑就像肌肉一样,如果_______锻炼某个部分,就会使该区域增强。科学家发现小提琴演奏家的大脑中用来控制左手的区域远大于常人,因为左手按压琴弦的工作比较________,而右手拉弓弦则相对简单。同样,阅读盲文的盲人,其大脑中很大的区域_
NowitseemsAmerica’sloveaffairwithBarbiemaybecomingtoanend-USsalesofBarbiefell15%inthefirstquarterthisye
A、Informchildrenofthefamily’sfinancialsituation.B、Shiftchildren’sattentiontointerestingactivities.C、Involvechildre
最新回复
(
0
)