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  3. It has wormed its way into almost every sphere of life, and the law is no exception. Artificial intelligence can now handle a lo

It has wormed its way into almost every sphere of life, and the law is no exception. Artificial intelligence can now handle a lo

admin2017-02-28  29
问题     It has wormed its way into almost every sphere of life, and the law is no exception. Artificial intelligence can now handle a lot of the drudgery of legal work; screening mountains of documents for relevant titbits, for example, or automatically drafting and checking boilerplate contracts. There’s even a "superintelligent attorney" app, ROSS, powered by IBM’s Watson supercomputer, that fields legal queries by speed-reading legislation and other resources.
    But what does it mean for the law when an algorithm, rather than a person, calls the shots? Frank Levy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Dana Remus at the University of North Carolina School of Law have been on the case, exploring the potential implications of robotic legal assistants. In a report published online last month ,they found that A.I. poses less of a threat to legal jobs than some fear. But they also suggest that computers, left unchecked, can have a detrimental impact on the law.
    Still, A. I. will introduce new uncertainties by dint of its ability to reveal legal trends or precedents, for example. Fed the right data, machine learning algorithms can tell us how individual judges ruled, how individual companies or lawyers fared in past litigation, or how much money was involved in lawsuits. Pop details of a current case in, and the computer will forecast your chances of success.
    This approach might be more efficient, but it could slow the evolution of the law, the pair warn. Take the predictions too seriously, too often, and lawyers could be more reluctant to take on cases with the potential to break new ground, making it less likely that landmark judgements will be passed.
    By the same token, if A.I. spots a pattern of discrimination—say, that women are more likely to lose in certain types of case—it might sway lawyers’ decisions and so perpetuate the problem rather than bringing it to light.
    Legal A.I. doesn’t exist just to save lawyers time and money: it also promises to help close the "justice gap," by offering digital advice to those who can’t afford a lawyer. Online dispute resolution platforms already help mediate between users on eBay and PayPal, for example.
    But Levy and Remus suggest that A.I. could also soon be counselling people how best to skirt the law, rather than abide by it.
The overall attitude of Frank Levy and Dana Remus towards the issue is
选项 A、biased.
B、indifferent.
C、uncertain.
D、cautious.
答案D
解析 (1)根据题干关键词Frank Levy和Dana Remus定位至第2段。(2)根据文章，“当某一算法而非某人发号施令，情况会怎样?”(第2段：calls the shots)，作者通过这个设问句引出了讨论的话题。(3)之后引用了Frank Levy和Dana Remus的看法：“机器法律助手的出现意义深远”(第2段：potential implications)．“A．I．对工作的威胁也许不像人们担忧的那么大”(第2段:threat)，但是，“如果任其发展，会对法律造成有害的影响”(第2段：unchecked，detrimental impact)。这两人都流露出了“审慎和谨慎”的态度。因此，选项[D]正确。
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