首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
admin
2017-08-15
68
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all), were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always-supplementary factors.
What can be inferred from the example of the ant-lion in the first paragraph?
选项
A、Instincts of animals can lead to unreasonable reactions in strange situations.
B、When it is engaged in a chain actions it cannot be interrupted.
C、Environment and heredity are two supplementary factors in the evolution of insects.
D、Along the lines of evolution heredity becomes less and environment more important.
答案
B
解析
本题可参照第1段中间一句:if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted,it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions…or dies in helpless inactivity,从中可知,蚁狮会执著地做出本能的反应。因此B项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/X7FO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor【C1】______toconsidertherole
Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen______,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.
Meteorologistsroutinelytelluswhatnextweek’sweatherislikelytobe,andclimatescientistsdiscusswhatmighthappenin1
TodayistheanniversaryofthatafternooninAprilayearagothatIfirstsawthestrangeandappealingdollinthewindowof
Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.Whe
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantfo
Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworld
Irejectanyreligiousdoctrinethatdoesnot______toreasonandisinconflictwithmorality.
Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaseruioussourceofdiscomfortfortheirfellows.【C1】______,medicalautho
Thecargoboxhasalabel"______"onit.Pleasehandleitwithcare.(2004年北京大学考博试题)
随机试题
Didyoueverhavesomeone’snameonthetipofyourtongueandyetyouwereunabletorecallit?【C1】______thishappensagain,do
如图所示正方形截面对z1轴的惯性矩与对z轴惯性矩的关系是:
某超市位于居民区内,该居民区人口密集。某晚19时22分,该超市发生火灾,经过3个小时的扑救,将火扑灭。这起火灾事故造成2人死亡,9人重伤,直接经济损失260万元。根据《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》(国务院令第493号),这起事故等级属于(
利须商贸公司于2007年3月2日办理了工商登记并领取了营业执照,会计张某于当月办理了税务登记并领取了税务登记证,随即在注册地银行开立了基本存款账户。5月4日该公司出纳签发了一张支票,但未在支票上注明收款人姓名和金额;6月公司聘用了一位退休老会计担任出纳,他
下列各项,应通过“固定资产清理”科日核算的有()。
村集体经济组织本年实现的收益总额指的是()。
伤亡事故报告和处理制度的内容,包括()
根据以下资料,回答下列问题。2017年,A省完成邮电业务总量6065.71亿元。其中,电信业务总量3575.86亿元,同比增长75.8%;邮政业务总量2489.85亿元,增长32.0%。2017年,A省移动电话期末用户1.48亿户,比上
向量组α1,α2,…,αm线性无关的充分必要条件是().
A、Becauseeveryengineermustworkwiththesesciences.B、Becauseeveryengineerknowsalotofthem.C、Becausethetwosciences
最新回复
(
0
)