2. 外语
  3. Who was to blame for starting the Cold War? For nearly a generation after World War II, American historians generally agreed tha

Who was to blame for starting the Cold War? For nearly a generation after World War II, American historians generally agreed tha

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问题      Who was to blame for starting the Cold War? For nearly a generation after World War II, American historians generally agreed that the suspicious and grasping Soviets were almost solely responsible. This "Orthodox"(正统的) appraisal fitted comfortably with the traditional view of the United States as a God-blessed land with an idealistic foreign policy. But in the 1960s another interpretation began to flower, powerfully reinforced by an objection against what Americans were doing in Vietnam. People who held this view attempted to reverse the orthodox view. They argued that the Soviets had understandably defensive intentions at the end of World War II and that the United States had behaved aggressively and irresponsibly. Some of these critics pointed an accusing finger at Truman. They declared that he had abandoned Roosevelt’ s conciliatory (调和的) approach and adopted a bullying attitude, emboldened by American’s atomic monopoly. The more radical of those people like the Kolkos found the roots of American aggression before Truman’s time in long-standing policies of economic expansion.
     In the 1970s a "neoorthodox" interpretation emerged. Historians of this school, like John L. Gaddis, still place most of the blame for the Cold War on the Soviet Union, but they admit that American policies helped worsen the conflict. They also note how the constraints of domestic politics and the miscalculations of American leaders led a nation in search of international security into dangerous Cold War.
     This historical debate over the origins of the Cold War has compelled the recognition that the United States did have vital interests at stake in postwar diplomacy, and that policymakers pursued those interests with eagerness. But is self- interest necessarily immoral? Is security a one-way street? Can the blame ever be exclusively with one side in a complex international dispute?
By saying that "people who held this view attempted to reverse the orthodox view" (in paragraph 1), the author means that those people______.
选项 A、didn’t quite agree to the "orthodox" view
B、held an opposite view to the "orthodox" one
C、considered the "orthodox" view unworthy of notice
D、were faithful supporters of the Soviet foreign policies
答案B
解析 本句中reverse 意为：“颠倒，相反，背面，反面，倒退”。第一段第四句指出，在60年代，另一种观点开始流行 (flower)。他们认为，战后的苏联理所当然地 (understandably) 产生了一种防御意图，因为美国人表现得盛气凌人、做事毫无顾忌(behaved aggressively and irresponsibly)。它由于独有原子弹的威慑力(atomic monopoly)，便放弃了罗斯福总统时代协调式外交政策而恃强欺弱(bullying attitude)。可见，这种看法与所谓“正统”
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