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  3. The hype over MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) peaked five years ago. 【F1】Salman Khan, an investment analyst who had begun te

The hype over MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) peaked five years ago. 【F1】Salman Khan, an investment analyst who had begun te

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问题    The hype over MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) peaked five years ago. 【F1】Salman Khan, an investment analyst who had begun teaching bite-sized lessons to his cousin over the internet and turned that activity into a wildly popular educational resource, was splashed on the cover of Forbes. The founder of another MOOC called Udacity predicted in an interview that within 50 years the number of universities would collapse to just ten worldwide. The NewYork Times declared 2012 the year of the MOOC.
   【F2】The sheer numbers of people flocking to some of the initial courses seemed to suggest that an entirely new model of open access, free university education was within reach.
   In their search for a business model, some platforms are now focusing much more squarely on employment. 【F3】Udacity has launched a series of nanodegrees in tech-focused courses that range from the basic to the cutting-edge and it has done so, moreover, in partnership with employers. A course on Android was developed with Google; a nanodegree in self-driving cars uses instructors from Mercedes-Benz, Nvidia and others.
   Students pay $199-299 a month for as long as it takes them to finish the course (typically six to nine months) and get a 50% rebate if they complete it within a year. Udacity also offers a souped-up version of its nanodegree for an extra $100 a month, along with a money-back guarantee if graduates do not find a job within six months.
   These are still early days. Coursera does not give out figures on its paying learners; Udacity says it has 13,000 people doing its nanodegrees. Whatever the arithmetic, the reinvented MOOCs matter because they are solving two problems they share with every provider of later-life education.
   The first of these is the cost of learning, not just in money but also in time. Formal education rests on the idea of qualifications that take a set period to complete. 【F4】In America the deep-seated notion of "seat time", the amount of time that students spend with school teachers or university professors, dates back to Andrew Carnegie. It was originally intended as an eligibility requirement for teachers to draw a pension from the industrialist’s original pension scheme for college faculty. Students in their early 20s can more easily afford a lengthy time commitment because they are less likely to have other responsibilities. 【F5】Although millions of people do manage part-time or distance learning in later life—one-third of all working students currently enrolled in America are 30-54 years old—balancing learning, working and family life can cause enormous pressures.
【F5】
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答案尽管数百万人此后确实能半工半读或进行远程学习——当前全美所有半工半读的学生中，三分之一的人年龄介于30到54岁之间——但是，平衡学习、工作和家庭生活会产生巨大的压力。
解析 ①本句为主从复合句，句首的Although引导让步状语从句，而主句部分与从句之间存在转折关系，强调平衡学习、工作和家庭生活会产生巨大的压力。②两个破折号之间的内容可视为插入语，是对Although引导的从句的解释。过去分词短语enrolled in America作后置定语，修饰working students，指“半工半读的学生”。主句的主语为动名词短语balancing learning，working and family life；cause pressure意为“产生压力”。
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