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  3. Our universe is dotted with over 100 billion galaxies, and each one contains roughly 100 billion stars. It is unclear how many p

Our universe is dotted with over 100 billion galaxies, and each one contains roughly 100 billion stars. It is unclear how many p

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问题    Our universe is dotted with over 100 billion galaxies, and each one contains roughly 100 billion stars. It is unclear how many planets are orbiting these stars, but it is certain that at least one of them has evolved life. In particular, there is a life form that has had the capacity and courage to speculate about the origin of this vast universe.
   Humans have been staring up into space for thousands of generations, but we are privileged to be part of the first generation who can claim to have a respectable, rational and coherent description for the creation and evolution of the universe. 【F1】The Big Bang model offers an elegant explanation of the origin of everything we see in the night sky, making it one of the greatest achievements of the human intellect and spirit. It is the consequence of an endless curiosity, a fabulous imagination, acute observation and ruthless logic.
   Even more wonderful is that the Big Bang model can be understood by everyone. When I first learned about the Big Bang as a teenager, 【F2】I was astonished by its simplicity and beauty, and by the fact that it was built on principles which, to a very large extent, did not go beyond the physics I was already learning at school. 【F3】Just as Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection is both fundamental and comprehensible to most intelligent people, the Big Bang model can be explained in terms that will make sense to non-specialists, without having to water down the key concepts within the theory.
   But before encountering the earliest stirrings of the Big Bang model, it is necessary to lay some groundwork. 【F4】The Big Bang model of the universe was developed over the last hundred years, and this was only possible because twentieth-century breakthroughs were built upon a foundation of astronomy constructed in previous centuries. In turn, these theories and observations of the sky were set within a scientific framework that had been diligently crafted over two thousand years. Going back even further, the scientific method as a path to objective truth about the material world could start to blossom only when the role of myths and legends had begun to decline. 【F5】All in all, the roots of the Big Bang model and the desire for a scientific theory of the universe can be traced right back to the decline of the ancient mythological view of the world.
【F2】
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答案对这个模型感到十分惊讶，因为它非常简单、漂亮，且所应用的原理几乎都没超过我在学校学过的物理知识范畴。
解析 ①本句为较复杂的复合句，句子带有一个同位语从句和两个定语从句。②句子主干为被动结构。I was astonished后面接了三个并列状语，分别是by its simplicity、beauty和by the fact，说明“我”感到惊讶的对象是其简单性、漂亮和(当中包含的)事实。其中的its指代上文提及的大爆炸宇宙模型。③by the fact后面有that引导同位语从句，修饰the fact，解释这个事实的具体内容。④which引导的定语从句修饰principles，指出这些原理没有超出作者在学校里学过的物理知识范畴。句尾还带有一个省略了引导词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the physics。
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