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  3. A world without managers is a nice idea. But teams need leaders, irrespective of the quality of the people in charge. Someone ha

A world without managers is a nice idea. But teams need leaders, irrespective of the quality of the people in charge. Someone ha

admin2022-12-09  108
问题     A world without managers is a nice idea. But teams need leaders, irrespective of the quality of the people in charge. Someone has to take decisions, even if they are bad ones, to prevent the corporate machine gumming up with endless discussions. That is true even of flatter organisations. In a paper published in 2021, researchers described an experiment in which a number of different teams took part in an escape-room challenge. Some randomly selected groups were asked to choose a leader before the task began; the rest were not. The teams with leaders did much better: 63％ of them completed the challenge within an hour, compared with only 44％ of those in the control group.
    The difference between good bosses and bad ones is striking. In one paper published in 2012, a trio of academics looked at the output of workers in a large services company who frequently switched between different supervisors. They found that the gap in output between the best and worst bosses was equivalent to adding an extra person to a nine-member team. Even the average boss enhanced their team’s productivity by enough to justify their higher salary.
    Managers are needed, but they do not have it easy. The job is structurally difficult. Most managers have to meet the expectations, sometimes unreasonable, of people below them and above them. The blurring of work-life boundaries as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic seems to have made life tougher for them. Gallup, a pollster, found that in 2021 managers suffered higher levels of self-reported burnout than workers, and that the gap between these groups had widened considerably over the previous year.
    They are subject to conflicting demands. They are meant to care about members of their teams and be ready to get rid of them. They are supposed to give people agency while making sure that things are done in the way the organization wants. The concept of the "servant leader" is utter nonsense. It is also a reflection of the different directions in which bosses are pulled.
    Managers are also handling the most baffling material on Earth: people. A study conducted by researchers in Germany found that handing out monetary bonuses for good attendance to apprentices in retail stores led to sharp rises in absenteeism (paying for behaviour that was previously considered normal seems to have made people feel licensed to bunk off). The law of unintended consequences runs through the workplace.
    It is true that managers do not save lives or nurture young minds. But the job that managers do is almost always necessary, often unpopular, sometimes done reluctantly and pretty difficult to boot.
Managers’ job is structurally difficult mainly because________.
选项 A、they are often exposed to unrealistic and conflicting expectations
B、the COVID-19 pandemic fails to separate work and personal life
C、they would easily burn out for the gap between bosses and workers
D、many of their tasks require a lot of unstructured knowledge
答案A
解析 细节题。根据题干中的structurally difficult可定位至第三段。前两句表明，管理者的工作并不容易，第三句给出了原因，因为管理者需要满足不同层级的人员的期待，有时这种期待是不合理的。第四段也提到了conflicting demands(互相矛盾的需求)，综合以上信息，同时A项中的are…exposed to与第三段第三句中的meet也是同义表达，故选项A正确。B项属于答非所问，原文说疫情导致工作与生活界限模糊，让管理者的生活更加艰难，并非工作困难，故排除。C项属于主观臆断，第四段说管理者需要处理好员工和老板的关系，并不是说管理者是为这种关系而筋疲力尽，故排除。D项属于过度推理，第二句中structurally difficult指的是工作的内容从结构上讲就很艰难，后文也介绍了结构上的问题主要是指各类需求本身不合理，并不是说工作任务需要非结构化的知识，故排除。故本题答案为A项。
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