首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplast
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplast
admin
2015-07-13
50
问题
Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. But until recently, they didn’t know what causes gray matter to become plastic, to begin changing. Breakthrough research by a team at MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory has documented one type of environmental feedback that triggers plas-ticity: success. Equally important and somewhat surprising: Its opposite, failure, has no impact.
Earl Miller, the lead researcher on the study, says understanding the link to environmental feedback is crucial to improving how people teach and motivate because it’s a big part of how we learn. But we absorb more from success than from failure, according to the study.
Miller’s researchers gave monkeys a simple learning task: They presented one of two pictures. If it was Picture A, the monkeys were supposed to look to the left; if Picture B, to the right. When the monkeys looked in the correct direction, they were rewarded with a drop of juice. All the while the team recorded brain function.
"Neurons (cells specialized to conduct nerve impulses) in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, where the brain tracks success and failure, sharpened their tuning after success," says Miller. What’s more, those changes lingered for several seconds, making brain activity more efficient the next time the monkey did the task. Thereafter, each success was processed more efficiently. That is, the monkey had learned. "But after failure," Miller points out, "there was little change in brain activity." In other words, the brain didn’t store any information about what went wrong and use it the next time. The monkey just tried, tried again.
Miller says this means that on a neurological level, success is actually a lot more informative than failure. If you get a reward, the brain remembers what it did right. But with failure (unless there is a clear negative consequence, like the shock a child feels when she sticks something in an electrical outlet), the brain isn’t sure what to store, so it doesn’t change at all.
Does this research confirm the management tenet of focusing on your—and your team’s—strengths and successes? Miller cautions against making too tidy a connection between his findings and an environment like the workplace, but he offers this suggestion: "Maybe the lesson is to know that the brain will learn from success, and you don’t need to dwell on that. You need to pay more attention to failures and challenge why you fail."
The example of an electric shock to a child in Paragraph 5 is given to show_____.
选项
A、success is much more informative than failure
B、failure is instructive if it is impressive
C、failure confuses the storing process of the brain
D、failure is stored only when it brings obvious negative outcomes
答案
D
解析
例证细节题。根据题干定位到第五段。文章说,除非失败有明显的负面结果,不然大脑不会有所改变,儿童遭电击作为有明显负面结果的例子就是为了说明这一点,故D项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Xr74777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Youhavereturnedtohometownafterfinishingoverseasstudybuthaven’tfoundasatisfactoryjob.Writealettertoyourfriend
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish,fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIsle
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish,fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIsle
TheAmericaneconomyisgrowing,accordingtothemostrecentstatistics,atthehighrateof7%,andisinthemiddleofthel
Thequestioningoftheroleofthepublicgalleryisnotanewphenomenon.Itissomethingthathasbeenarguedoversinceitsv
Theideaofownershipiseverywhere.Titledeedsestablishandprotectownershipofourhouses,whilesecurityofpropertyisas
Whatwouldhappenifconsumersdecidedtosimplifytheirlivesandspendlessonmaterialgoodsandservices?This(1)_____ist
Whatwouldhappenifconsumersdecidedtosimplifytheirlivesandspendlessonmaterialgoodsandservices?This(1)_____ist
CharlesDarwinwedhiscousinEmmaandspawned10children,includingfourbrilliantscientists.AlbertEinstein’ssecondwifeE
Theauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis______.Theauthor’smentionofbroomsticksandtelephones
随机试题
计算二重积分其中D为曲线x=y2+1,直线x=0,y=0,y=1所围成的区域.
引起猩红热的主要病原菌为
对于胎盘早期剥离,以下哪项是不正确的
该病诊断为该病治则为
患者自诉全身疲乏,下肢沉重无力,伴有四肢末端蚁走感,肌肉酸痛,患者长期吃精白米面,生化检查TPP效应在16%以上,其可能缺乏哪种营养素
结脉与涩脉的主要区别是洪脉与微脉的主要区别是
人在观察物体时,光线不仅使神经系统产生反应,由于视网膜受到光线的刺激,会在横截面上产生扩大范围的影响,使得视觉印象与物体的实际大小、形状存在差异,这种现象称为()。
甲公司和乙公司有关诉讼资料如下:甲公司2014年8月2日起诉乙公司违约,根据乙公司法律顾问的职业判断,认为乙公司胜诉的可能性为40%,败诉的可能性为60%。如果败诉,需要赔偿的金额在450~470万元之间,同时还应承担诉讼费3万元。甲公司根据其掌握的信息判
Itiscurioushowoftensympathyfortheoldandinfirmtakesaformwhichactuallyhumiliatesthem.Theirfriends,withgoodwi
Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesaretheretowaitonthep
最新回复
(
0
)