首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Looking at Theatre History" → One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systemati
"Looking at Theatre History" → One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systemati
admin
2013-04-25
53
问题
"Looking at Theatre History"
→ One of the
primary
ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systematic study of material remains such as architecture, inscriptions, sculpture, vase painting, and other forms of decorative art.A Serious on-site excavations began in Greece around 1870, but W. Dörpfeld did not begin the first extensive study of the Theatre of Dionysus until 1886.B Since that time, more than 167 other Greek theatres have been identified and many of them have been excavated. C Nevertheless, they still do not permit us to describe the
precise
appearance of the
skene
(illustrations printed in books are conjectural reconstructions), since many pieces are irrevocably lost because the buildings in later periods became sources of stone for other projects and what remains is usually broken and scattered.D That most of the buildings were remodeled many times has created great problems for those seeking to date both the parts and the successive versions. Despite these drawbacks, archeology provides the most concrete evidence we have about the theatre structures of ancient Greece. But, if they have told us much, archeologists have not completed their work, and many sites have scarcely been touched.
→ Perhaps the most
controversial
use of archeological evidence in theatre history is vase paintings, thousands of which have survived from ancient Greece. (Most of those used by theatre scholars are reproduced in Margarete Bieber’s The History of the Greek and Roman Theatre.) Depicting scenes from mythology and daily life, the vases are the most graphic pictorial evidence we have. But they are also easy to misinterpret. Some scholars have considered any vase that depicts a subject treated in a surviving drama or any scene showing masks, flute players, or ceremonials to be valid evidence of theatrical practice. This is a highly questionable assumption, since the Greeks made widespread use of masks, dances, and music outside the theatre and since the myths on which dramatists drew were known to everyone, including vase painters, who might well depict the same subjects as dramatists without being indebted to them. Those vases showing scenes unquestionably theatrical are few in number.
→ Written evidence about ancient Greek theatre is often treated as less reliable than archeological evidence because most written accounts are separated so far in time from the events they describe and because they provide no information about their own sources. Of the written evidence, the surviving plays are usually treated as the most reliable. But the oldest surviving manuscripts of Greek plays date from around the tenth century, C.E., some 1500 years after they were first performed. Since printing did not exist during this time span, copies of plays had to be made by hand, and therefore the possibility of textual errors creeping in was magnified. Nevertheless, the scripts offer us our readiest access to the cultural and theatrical conditions out of which they came. But these scripts, like other kinds of evidence, are subject to varying interpretations. Certainly performances embodied a male perspective, for example, since the plays were written, selected, staged, and acted by men. Yet the existing plays feature numerous choruses of women and many feature strong female characters. Because these characters often seem victims of their own powerlessness and appear to be governed, especially in the comedies, by sexual desire, some critics have seen these plays as rationalizations by the male-dominated culture for keeping women segregated and cloistered. Other critics, however, have seen in these same plays an attempt by male authors to force their male audiences to examine and call into question this segregation and cloistering of Athenian women.
→ By far the majority of written references to Greek theatre date from several hundred years after the events they report. The writers seldom mention their sources of evidence, and thus we do not know what credence to give
them
. In the absence of material nearer in time to the events, however, historians have used the accounts and have been grateful to have them. Overall, historical treatment of the Greek theatre is something like assembling a jigsaw puzzle from which many pieces are missing: historians arrange what they have and imagine (with the aid of the remaining evidence and logic) what has been lost. As a result, though the broad outlines of Greek theatre history are reasonably clear, many of the details remain open to doubt.
Glossary
skene: a stage building where actors store their masks and change their costumes
According to paragraph 3, scripts of plays may not beaccurate because
选项
A、the sources cited are not well known
B、copies by hand may contain many errors
C、they are written in very old language
D、the printing is difficult to read
答案
B
解析
... copies of plays had to be made by hand, and therefore the possibility of textual errors... was magnified." Choice A is not correct because the problem of sources was identified for archeological findings, not written evidence. Choices C and D are not mentioned as problems for written evidence.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/XzfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completethenotesbelow.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.PointsthatLouisemakesaboutEurail:easy
(different)views/viewpoints/opinions/positions
Accordingtothespeaker,atutorial______
Thelibrariansaysthattrainingalwaysincludes
CompletethenotesbelowWriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheGherkinBuildingCommissionedby:【L31】______firmcalledFoste
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.CLIMATEANDARCHITECTURECasesandexamplesarefrompra
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.ThereasonwhyDouglashasn’treadenoughreferencebooksisthat
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.OnlineExchangeBusinessHowlonghasthewebsitebeenoperated?
AScientificDebate:Neptunismvs.Plutonism1.Formoderngeologists,thequestionofhowrocksareformedhasbeenanswered
Thecostofhealthcareandhealthinsuranceremainsthemosturgenthealthproblemfacingthecountrytoday.
随机试题
为了保证建设项目目标的实现,在每一个建设项目实施前,参与建设的各方均应建立适合项目管理的组织。其中常用的组织结构模式有()。
上市公司在可转换公司债券转换期结束的20个交易日前,应当至少发布()次提示公告,提醒投资者有关停止交易的事项。
Whenteachinghandwriting,onedifficultyisteachingtheleft-handedchild.Thetraditionalpolicyhasbeentopushallchild
A、 B、 C、 D、 A每组第一个图形是立体图形,第二个图形是这个立体图形的左视图,第三个图形是这个立体图形的俯视图。
人活在世界上有多少幸福就有多少苦难。生活不能等待别人来安排,要自己去争取和奋斗。而_______其结果是喜是悲,可以慰藉的是你总不枉在这世界上活了一场。有了这样的认识,你就会珍重生活,_______不会玩世不恭,_______也会给人自身注入一种强大的内在
2007年10月1日,某人在中国工商银行储蓄所存入一年期定期存款10万元,若一年期定期存款年利率为4%,单利计息,请计算利息所得税为5%时,此人存满一年的实得利息额。若2004年通货膨胀率为5%,不考虑利息税,请计算此人此笔存款的实际收益率。
论证有效性分析:分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞,选择若干要点,写一篇600字左右的文章,对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。(论证有效性分析的一般要点是:概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致,有无各种明显的逻辑错误,论证的论据是否成立并支持结论,结
2019年是五四运动100周年,新中国成立70周年。新年伊始,在北京师范大学图书馆内、在首都国际机场候机厅内、在长沙橘子洲头公园内……都以快闪的形式由组织者领唱、公众跟唱《我和我的祖国》,以青年人为主体,采用网络直播,使民众与祖国的关系进一步明朗,对于弘扬
设f(x)在[0,1]上连续可导,f(1)=0,∫01xf’(x)dx=2,证明:存在ξ∈[0,1],使得f’(ξ)=4.
"WearenotabouttoentertheInformationAge,butinsteadareratherwellintoit."Presentpredictionsarethatby1990,ab
最新回复
(
0
)