2. 外语
  3. In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from relian

In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from relian

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问题     In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled arti- sans to automation. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machin- ists wielded in the industry was intolerable to management. Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of " de-skilling "—the use of technology to replace skilled laboi— to the automation of the machine-tool industry. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digitalized " numerical-control" (N/C) technolo- gy, rather than to artisan-generated "record-playback"(R/P)technology.
    Although both systems reduced reliance on skilled labor, Noble clearly prefers R/P, with its inherent acknowl- edgment of workers’ skills: unlike N/ C, its programs were produced not by engineers at their computers, but by skilled machinists, who recorded their own movements to "teach" machines to duplicate those movements. However, Noble’ s only evidence of conspiracy is
that, although the two approaches were roughly equal in technical merit, management chose N/C. From this he con- cludes that automation is undertaken not because efficiency demands it or scientific advances allow it, but because it is a tool in the ceaseless war of capitalists against labor.
Which of the following best characterizes the function of the second paragraph of the passage?
选项 A、It develops a topic introduced in the first paragraph.
B、It provides evidence to refute a claim presented in the first paragraph.
C、It gives examples of a phenomenon mentioned in the first paragraph.
D、It presents a generalization about examples given in the first paragraph.
E、It suggests two possible solutions to a problem presented in the first paragraph.
答案A
解析 本文第二段的作用：A．正确。继续进行第一段已开始的论题。本文两段是一个内容：作者对Noble关于自动化的观点做出评论。B．“refute a claim”不符原文。C．为第一段现象给出例子。无。D．对第一段例证做出总结。无。E．给第一段问题提供答案。无。
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