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  3. Living standards have soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. D

Living standards have soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. D

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问题     Living standards have soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we humans can look forward to increasing happiness?
    Not necessarily, warns Richard Easterlin, an economist at the University of Southern California, in his new book. He concedes that richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happy than poorer people are. But steady improvements in the American economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in people’ s self-assessments of their own happiness. The explanation for this paradox may be that people becomes less satisfied over times with a given level of income. In Easterlin’s words, "As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspiration is to weaken the expected growth in happiness due to higher income."
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答案 人们的生活水平在20世纪飞速提高，并且经济学家预计在未来的几十年里，人们的生活水平还会进一步提高。这是否意味着我们人类可以希望日子越过越幸福呢? 南加州大学一位经济学家理查德.伊斯特林在他的新书中警告世人：未必如此。他承认：富人比穷人更有可能称自己是幸福的。然而，美国人对幸福的自我评价并未伴随着美国经济的稳步发展而有所提高。对于这种自相矛盾的现象也许可以做如下解释，随着时间的推移，人们对一定水平的收入会越来越不满意。用伊斯特林的话来说：“收入增加了，人们的期望值也相应提高了，期望值的提高会削弱收入提高所带来的预期增加的幸福感。”
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