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  3. The American idea that hard work was to be esteemed distinguishes us from Europeans who (1)_____ their gentlemen of leisure. For

The American idea that hard work was to be esteemed distinguishes us from Europeans who (1)_____ their gentlemen of leisure. For

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问题     The American idea that hard work was to be esteemed distinguishes us from Europeans who (1)_____ their gentlemen of leisure. For us, hard work (2)_____ idleness was the way (3)_____ distinction.
    Now, (4)_____, like many other traditional values, hard work is coming under (5)_____. In academic journals, conferences and classrooms, the idea of hard work is considered to be another of those notions that the dominant forces of our society (6)_____ on the rest of Us. It (7)_____ advances white-male interests (8)_____ any woman or minority foolish enough to buy into the dominant value system will find out.
    In a recent survey, high-school students in the United States and Japan were asked to (9)_____ factors that (10)_____ to success in the classroom. Of the Japanese, 72 percent listed hard work first (11)_____ only 27 percent of Americans agreed.
    Many factors contribute to the devaluing of hard work. Thinking that self-esteem is crucial, many parents and teachers (12)_____ to point out the student’s failing, even laziness. To make matters (13)_____, Americans place an unusually high value on the idea of innate ability. And (14)_____ inevitably deemphasizes the role that hard work plays in success. (15)_____ if our students fail to see that hard work (16)_____, it is because we are telling them time and again, that it (17)_____. If we want young people to esteem hard work, it is UP to us to show them its worth, its strength and its significance in everyday life.
    And while we are at it, we should make sure they know there are many ideas to which we can all (18)_____. The notion that these values cannot (19)_____ class, race more than the idea of hard work. It can call into question (20)_____ there can be an American creed—a public philosophy for us all.

选项 A、aptitude
B、latitude
C、longitude
D、gratitude
答案A
解析 aptitude自然倾向，能力，才能。aptitude侧重于天生的能力。这里是说，重视了这种能力，就不可避免地忽视hard work的作用。这里对形近词altitude，aptitude，attitude，gratitude，multitude，latitude做一个简单辨析：altitude高度，海拔，例：At high altitudes，it is difficult to breathe．在高纬度的地方呼吸很困难。aptitude(学习方面的)才能，天资，例：Mary shows an aptitude for languages．玛丽显示出学习语言的天资。attitude 态度，看法，例：What’s your attitude towards this question?你对这个问题有什么看法?gratitude 感恩，感谢，例：I can hardly express my gratitude to you for your helps．对于你的帮助，我真是难以表达我的感激之情。multitude许多，大量，例：The city has a multitude of problems，from AIDS to drugs．这个城市面临很多问题，包括艾滋病和毒品肆虐。latitude纬度，(行动、言论的)自由，回旋余地，例：People have great latitude now in choosing a job．现在人们在择业方面有很大的回旋余地。
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