首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is
admin
2011-01-02
69
问题
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon, in that it is largely dependent upon socialgroup resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority business enterprises by providing owners with a range of assistance, from the informal encouragement of family members and friends to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owner’s ethnic group. Such self-help networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of "primary" institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his behavior and beliefs. They are characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger "secondary" institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support network include kinship, peer, and neighborhood or community subgroups.
A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for in vestment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates.
Within the larger ethinic community, roating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations are informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900--1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent immigrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups like Black Americans, found other means of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositories for dues collected from fraternal or lodge groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rotating credit associations?
选项
A、They were developed exclusively by Chinese immigrants.
B、They accounted for a significant portion of the investment capital used by Chinese immigrants in New York in the early twentieth century.
C、Third- generation members of an immigrant group who started businesses in the 1920’s would have been unlikely to rely on them.
D、Recent immigrants still frequently turn to rotating credit associations instead of banks for investment capital.
答案
C
解析
该题问:下面哪一个是关于互贷组织的正确叙述?A项意为“只由中国移民发展而来”。但文中推不出exclusively。B项意为“占了本世纪前期纽约的中国移民所获投的重要份额”。从最后一段可以找到线索:One author estimates that 40 percent of New York China town firms established during 1900——1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital.指出中国城一段时间40%的企业以此作底金,因此B项为正确选项。C项意为“第三代移民不愿依赖此形式”,这是正确的,可以从最后一段找到线索:However, recent immigrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds.但说这些移民20年代开始经商,不符合原文中的"now"。因此此项不正确。D项意为“最近移民仍经常使用它,而不是银行”。从最后一段可找到线索,但最近移民只是偶尔用这种老方式。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/YGeO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
I’mMargeryHooper,yourcoursecoordinator.I’dliketowelcomeyoualltoGrangeManorSummerMusicschool.Ihopeyou’llenjo
WilliamFaulknerwasborninOxford,Miss.Hehad【1】_______edu-【1】_______.cation,thenhejoinedtheBritishRoyalAi
"Afishisswimminginthepond"istransformedinto"Thereisafishswimminginthepond".Whichtransformationalruleisused
InformationSuperhighwayatWorkThechangesinhowwecommunicatemakeitnecessarytochangehowwethinkaboutcommunicati
SuccessPersonalityAccordingtoaGallupsurvey,anumberofqualitiesarecommonamongsuccessfulpeople.Herearefiveof
TheSupremeCourt’srecentdecisionallowsregionalinterstatebankstodoawaywithonerestrictioninAmerica’sbankingoperat
Atpresentcompaniesandindustriesliketosponsorsportsevents.Tworeasonsareputforwardtoexplainthisphenomenon.Thef
Inhisessay"TheParableoftheTapeworm,"MarloVargasLlosaarguesthatattheheartofthewriter’swilltowriteisrebell
WhichAmericanpresidentwitnessedthedisintegrationoftheSovietUnionandtheWesternizationofEastEuropeancountries?
SiliconValleyisamagnettowhichnumeroustalentedengineers,scientistsandentrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoff
随机试题
A.正中神经B.桡神经C.尺神经D.腓肠神经E.胫神经神经损伤后,神经功能恢复最好的是
动物体温升高程度A.升高1.0~2.0℃;B.升高1.0℃;C.升高3.℃以上;D.升高2.0~3.0℃;E.升高4.0℃以上中热是指体温()。
评估应收账款时,其坏账的确定方法有()。
当你一走近感应玻璃门,它就会自动向左右打开;你一走远,它又自动关上。玻璃门是靠()感应到人来的。
社会主义的根本任务是调整和完善上层建筑和生产关系的某些环节,解决基本矛盾。()
公安机关建立监察制度,对公安机关的人民警察执行法律、法规、遵守纪律的情况进行监督。()
各级人大代表的选举采取公开投票原则。()
某大学文学院语言学专业20l曩年毕业的5名研究生张、王、李、赵、刘分别被三家用人单位天枢、天机、天璇中的一家录用,并且各单位至少录用了其中的一名。已知:(1)李被天枢录用;(2)李和赵没有被同一家单位录用;(3)刘和赵被同一家
下列软件中,属于应用软件的是
Teachingtodaydemandsmorethanjustcaringaboutchildrenandknowingone’ssubjectwell.Teachersneedtofindoutwhat【B1】__
最新回复
(
0
)