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  3. The dimensions of tourism are astonishing. In 2012, the U. N. tourism organization celebrated reaching 1 billion international t

The dimensions of tourism are astonishing. In 2012, the U. N. tourism organization celebrated reaching 1 billion international t

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问题     The dimensions of tourism are astonishing. In 2012, the U. N. tourism organization celebrated reaching 1 billion international trips in a single year. In gross economic power it is in the same company as oil, energy, finance and agriculture. At least one out of every ten people around the world is employed by the industry, according to Wolfgang Weinz of the International Labour Organization.
    Travel has also become a default fund-raising technique. 【T1】Today poor nations see tourism as their best bet out of poverty, second only to oil and energy as the major engine of development. Thailand is the world’s biggest exporter of rice, yet its tourism is its number-one money earner. Costa Rica has turned its wilderness into a venue for highly profitable ecotourism. As some as Sri Lanka, and now Burma, began seeing an end to conflict, they opened the door to a rush of tourists. After the Arab Spring uprising, Egypt sent out a plea to cruise companies and tour operators to return and kick-start the economy.
    【T2】The U. N. tourism organization now places poverty reduction as one of its top objectives, along with the high-minded ideals of improving international peace and prosperity. Since the end of the Cold War and the opening of the world for travel, tourism has become an important industry that requires some infrastructure, from airfields to modern highways, it is less expensive than building factories. In theory, poor countries should be able to use the new revenue from the tourism industry to pay for the infrastructure while raising standards of living and improving the environment. One hundred of the world’s poorest nations do earn up to 5 percent of their gross national product from foreign tourists who marvel at their exotic customs, buy suitcases of souvenirs and take innumerable photographs of stunning landscapes.
    【T3】But just as tourism is capable of lifting a nation out of poverty, it is just as likely to pollute the environment, reduce standards of living for the poor because the profits go to international hotel chains and corrupt local elites, and cater to the worst of tourism, including condemning children the exploitation of sex tourism. Like any major industry, tourism has a serious downside, especially since tourism and travel is underestimated as a global powerhouse, its study and regulation is spotty at best. 【T4】Tourism is one of those double-edged swords that may look like an easy way to earn desperately needed money but can ravage wilderness areas and undermine native cultures to fit into package tours: a fifteen-minute snippet of a ballet performed in Southern India; native handicrafts refashioned to fit oversize tourists. What is known is that tourism and travel is responsible for 5. 3 per cent of the world’s carbon emissions and the degradation of nearly every tropical beach in the world.
    To make way for more resorts with spectacular views, developers destroy native habitats and ignore local concerns. 【T5】Preservationists decry the growing propensity to bulldoze old hotels and buildings in favor of constructing new resorts, water holes and entertainment spots that look identical whether in Singapore, Dubai or Johannesburg, a world where diversity is replaced with homogeneity. Another catastrophe for countries betting on tourism has come from wealthy vacationers who fall in love with a country and but so many second houses that locals can no longer afford to live in their own towns and villages.
【T2】
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答案除了怀有增进国际和平与繁荣的高尚理想外，联合国旅游组织现在还将扶贫作为其首要目标之一。
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