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  3. The relationship between language learning strategy preferences and English proficiency among students puzzles many English lea

The relationship between language learning strategy preferences and English proficiency among students puzzles many English lea

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问题     The relationship between language learning strategy preferences and
English proficiency among students puzzles many English learners.
    Language teachers and researchers have long observed that some
learners acquire English as the second or foreign language more quickly【S1】_________________
and effectively than others.  The nature of this marking discrepancy【S2】_________________
among learners has captured the attention of practitioners and researchers
worldwide.  Over the past four decades, researchers have identified a
number of cognitive, affective, and sociocultural factors such as【S3】_________________
significantly contributing to this variety in second language acquisition.【S4】_________________
From this body of research, language learning strategies consistently
have emerged as a particularly significant variable. LLSs are defined as
"specific actions taking by the learner to make learning faster, more【S5】_________________
enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferable to
new situations". Stated other way, learning strategies are "measures that【S6】_________________
students can take to promote their own learning success". Although
other scholars within the field of SLA have conceptualized and classified
learning strategies in a variety of ways, Oxford developed the most
comprehensible model to date.  Oxford designed a strategy assessment【S7】_________________
survey based on her classification system.  This assessment tool, the
Strategy Inventory for Language Learning, is current recognized as the【S8】_________________
most comprehensive instrument for identifying strategy preferences of
language learners. As of 1995, it had been used in over 45 major studies
involving in approximately 8,500 learners worldwide. Research findings【S9】_________________
from these studies involving SILL learning strategies have recurrently
indicated significant variation in learning strategy preferences based a【S10】________________
number of learner variables, including gender, motivation, setting,
cultural background, attitudes/beliefs, learning styles, and language proficiency.
【S5】
选项
答案taking—taken
解析 非谓语动词误用。该句意为“LLSs被定义为‘学习者为了学得更快、更有趣、更自主、更有效，以及更能适应新的情况而采取的具体行动’。”此句中的taken为后置定语，修饰前面的actions，两者之间为动宾关系，因此使用动词的过去分词形式taken，表示被动含义。
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