首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1) Animation is older than cinema, indeed almost as old as photography. Niepce made the first still photograph in 1826, just si
(1) Animation is older than cinema, indeed almost as old as photography. Niepce made the first still photograph in 1826, just si
admin
2019-11-28
86
问题
(1) Animation is older than cinema, indeed almost as old as photography. Niepce made the first still photograph in 1826, just six years before Plateau invented the Phenakistoscope. The Zoetrope appeared just a year later in 1833. These two devices were examples of what today we would call drawn animation, presenting a series of pictures to the viewer in rapid succession to give the illusion of movement. While such toys were highly popular in the nineteenth century, it was not until the birth of cinema at the end of the century that animated films could tell stories.
(2) Before the advent of CGI in the 1980s, animation techniques could be divided into two broad categories—drawn animation and model (or stop-motion) animation. The former involves photographing a series of two-dimensional images, usually drawings but sometimes cut-out shapes, while the latter uses three-dimensional puppets and models. Both techniques developed rapidly in the early years of cinema, with Cohl ("Fantasmagorie", 1908) and McCay ("Little Nemo", 1911) among the drawn animation pioneers and Starewicz ("The Revenge of a Kinematograph Cameraman", 1912) the pre-eminent puppet animator.
(3) The invention of eel animation by Hurd in 1914 was a key milestone. Not only did it reduce the work required to produce drawn animation by eliminating the need to redraw the backgrounds, it also made it possible to divide the work up among a team of specialists. One artist could design the characters, one draw the backgrounds, another produce key character frames as outline drawings, while yet others would work on the less inventive tasks of inking in outlines or filling in character movements ( "in-betweeners" ). The development of "rotoscoping" by the Fleischer brothers was another key improvement, leading to much more realistic character movement.
(4) While the cel technique transformed drawn animation into a streamlined production-line process, model animation remained very much an individual art. As a result it languished, while by the 1930s eel-animated shorts had become part of nearly every film program. As well as Disney, several of the studios, Warner Brothers and MGM in particular, had flourishing animation departments. Disney produced the first full-length animated feature, "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in 1937 and from then on released a new one roughly every other year.
(5) The advent of widespread television in the 1960s had a profound effect on film programs. First newsreels were abandoned, as television news proved more efficient and immediate. Cartoon shorts were edged out more slowly, but became rare by the end of the 1960s. The animation studios, instead of making five-minute shorts for cinema exhibition, started making thirty-minute TV cartoons for children ("Top Cat", "Deputy Dawg" and "The Flintstones" for example). While stories of necessity became more complex, the cartoon drawings themselves became highly simplified to meet the budgets that TV imposed.
(6) Within the domain of animated shorts almost every conceivable technique has continued to be used, but until recently cartoon features have been produced exclusively using cel animation. Indeed, for more than forty years, from "Snow White" (1937) until "The Secret of NIMH" (Bluth/Goldman, 1982) almost all the feature-length cartoons came from a single studio, Disney. Model animation, while often used for special effects in fantasy and science fiction films, was not used for a feature-length animated film until "Nightmare" (1993). Despite the success of "Nightmare" we have not seen many more stop-motion 3D cartoons. Indeed there has been just one, "Chicken Run" (Lord/Park, 2000), although the long middle section of "James and the Giant Peach" (Selick, 1996) is entirely stop-motion. Instead there has been a series of very successful 3D cartoons generated completely by computers, starting with "Toy Story" in 1995.
Paragraph 2 is developed by______.
选项
A、cause and effect
B、chronological order
C、classification
D、exemplification
答案
C
解析
本题考查段落的组织结构手法。答题关键是要理解中心句的重心:动画技术可分成两大类,由此可知随后的细节阐述主要采用分类法。选项A是因果,选项B是时间顺序,选项D是举例。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/YgRK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
5TipstoKnowBeforeYourFirstLabClass1.【T1】______theexperimentinadvanceFollowverbal【T2】______Reviewprintedguide2
PreventingTextbookTheft1.【T1】______oftextbooktheftThecostoftextbooksmakesthem【T2】______Textbooksleftunattendedpu
Sleep1.HowmuchsleepdoweneedRecommendedamountforadults:【T1】______hours2.Waysforabetternight’srestA【T2】______
A、BlackandWhitePhotography.B、LandscapePhotography.C、DigitalPhotography.D、IntroducingPhotography.B
Fewpeopleexpectluxurywhileflying,butthesedays,eventhebasicsseemtobeinbadshape.It’snotuncommontofindyourt
Customersexpectalmost_______responsefromthecompanywhentheymakeacomplaint.
GoingOrganicThereisarisingtrendintheUKrelatedtohowthefoodisproduced./Manypeoplearerejectinggenetically
TheFootballFieldLengthKnowledgeaboutthefootballfieldlengthdoesnotseemlikesomethingfansandplayershavetobe
TheInterstateHighwaySystemTheInterstateHighwaySystemintheUShasalmost70,000kilometersofroads./Thehighwayp
Thisspaciousroomis______furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.
随机试题
家庭在实施义务教育中的主要职责有哪些?
关于DNA复制描述错误的是
乙公司是一家机械制造商,适用的所得税税率为25%。公司现有一套设备(以下简称旧设备)已经使用6年,为降低成本,公司管理层拟将该设备提前报废,另行构建一套新设备。新设备的投资与更新在起点一次性投入,并能立即投入运营。设备更新后不改变原有的生产能力,但运营成本
下列票据中,在丧失后可以挂失止付的有()。
提出“父母是孩子的第一任教师”主张的教育家是()。
由著名钢琴曲《邀舞》改编的管弦乐曲《邀舞》的作者是()。
认知建构理论关注如何应用原有的认知结构与信念来建构新知识,该理论强调学习的()
Intheimaginedworld______wouldrestrictchildren’swildestthoughts.Childrenarerulers______.
数据库技术的根本目标是()。
A你怎么在这里睡大觉?B我C到处D找不到你。
最新回复
(
0
)