2. 外语
  3. Some guidelines that advise people how to lose weight are seriously flawed and grossly overstate how quickly they will reach the

Some guidelines that advise people how to lose weight are seriously flawed and grossly overstate how quickly they will reach the

admin2012-07-05  76
问题     Some guidelines that advise people how to lose weight are seriously flawed and grossly overstate how quickly they will reach their targets, scientists say.
    Researchers found people lost only half as much weight as expected in a year if they followed the advice given by the U. S. health organizations.
    The problem came to light when government scientists at the U. S. National Institutes of Health in Maryland realized standard weight loss advice failed to account for changes in metabolism (新陈代谢) as people lost weight.
    The rule used by the health organizations assumes that if a person cuts 500 calories from his daily diet, he will lose about 450g each week, regardless of how long he adhered to the regime (制度). But as people lose weight, their metabolism slows until they reach a new stable bodyweight. Their weight loss is further complicated by how much body fat and muscle they have when they start dieting.
    Using the flawed weight loss guidelines, obesity rates in the U. S. could be cut from 67% to 50% in five years. But when he did the calculation again, taking metabolism into account, the figures were less rosy. After five years of the tax, obesity might drop to 62% , but crucially fall no further.
    Last year, researchers writing in the Lancet called on governments to bring in measures to reverse the rise of obesity, which could affect an extra 11 million people in the UK in the next 20 years. Almost 50% of British men could be obese by 2030, they wrote.
    Based on the work, Hall and his colleagues have created an online tool that people from adolescence to late middle age can use to get more accurate advice on how to lose weight. The tool, which can be used by GPs and patients, then works out how many calories they need to cut, either through dieting or more exercise, and how they can then maintain the healthier weight.
    Rather than demoralizing (使......失去信心) people, Hall hopes more accurate advice would help overweight and obese people have realistic expectations.
What can be inferred about the obesity rates in the U. S. from Paragraph 5?
选项 A、The obesity rates in the U. S. increased slowly from 62% to 67% .
B、The obesity rates in the U. S. dropped dramatically in five years.
C、The obesity rates were less optimistic considering the effect of metabolism.
D、The U. S. governments brought in new measures to reverse the rise of obesity.
答案C
解析 事实细节题。根据第五段第二句“将新陈代谢考虑到其中再重新计算时，数据就没有那么乐观了”，C)含义与之吻合，故为答案。A)是对原文数据信息的杂糅，与原文意思不符，故排除；第五段最后一句指出“五年后，美国的肥胖率将降低到62％，但不会再下降”，而非急速下降，故排除B)；第六段提到研究者呼吁美国政府采取措施抑制肥胖增长速度，D)与原文意思不符，故排除。
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